日本在华北沦陷区的宣抚班及其“宣抚”工作

Japan’s Wartime Pacifying and Propaganda Squad(Senbu-han)and its “Pacifying and Propaganda” Work in the Occupied Area of North China

全面侵华战争爆发后,日本军政当局迅速成立华北宣抚班,将日本势力渗透于华北基层社会,沦陷区逐步形成了以宣抚班本部为中枢,以各地宣抚班为末梢的“宣抚势力圈”。伴随着华北“治安战”,华北宣抚班的组织结构也发生了变化,成为从属于华北日军的准军事组织。而在人事架构上,“满铁”出身的旧宣抚员群体逐渐为职业多元化的新宣抚员群体所替代。日本在华北沦陷区的“宣抚”工作具有临时性、无序性的特点。八路军持之以恒的群众工作,成为阻遏日伪势力深入华北沦陷区基层的关键因素,最终使华北宣抚班的“宣抚”工作流于形式。“宣抚”工作的成效还因日军军纪的颓废大打折扣,“宣抚”工作并不能真正缓和中国民众对侵略者的敌意。而华北宣抚班的解散,更喻示着日军在华北沦陷区“宣抚”工作总体上的失败。

With the outbreak of the full-scale war of aggression against China,the Japanese military and political authorities quickly established the Pacifying and Propaganda Squad of North China,through which the Japanese forces seeped into the grassroots society in North China.The"Pacifying and Propaganda Circle of Influence"has gradually formed in the occupied area with the home office as the center and the local offices as the terminal.With the development of the Security Campaign in North China,the organizational structure of the Pacifying and Propaganda Squad of North China also changed into a paramilitary organization subordinate to the Japanese Army in North China.The former members from the Manchurian Railway were gradually replaced by new members with diversified occupations.Japan’s"Pacifying and Propaganda"work in the occupied area of North China was temporary and disorderly.The Eighth Route Army’s perseverant mass work eventually made the work of the Pacifying and Propaganda Squad of North China a mere formality,and became the most critical force to deter the Japanese and puppet forces from reaching the grassroots level in the occupied areas of North China.The effectiveness of the"Pacifying and Propaganda"work was also greatly undermined by the lack of the Japanese military discipline.The"Pacifying and Propaganda"work could not really alleviate the hostility of the Chinese people towards the invaders.The disbandment of the Pacifying and Propaganda Squad of North China implied the general failure of Japanese army in the"Pacifying and Propaganda"work in the occupied areas of North China.