太平洋战争起源再研究:德国扩张对日本“南进”决策的推动

Re-study on the Origin of the Pacific War:The Impetus of German Expansion to Japan’s Decision of “Southward Advancement”

一次大战后,日本陆海军高层已谋划以掠取资源,实现“自给自足经济圈”的扩张战略。但陆海军围绕“北进”“南进”存在扩张方向分歧,海军亲英美派也反对采取激进扩张行动,同时,苏、英、美三国实力强大,对日本亦构成遏制,因此该战略长期未能实施。不过,《德苏互不侵犯条约》使日本陆军被迫放弃“北进”。德军西线速胜导致日本陆、海军“南进”派得以击败亲英美派并掌权,进而确立“南进”以实现“自给自足经济圈”战略。德军突袭苏联则解除了“南进”派的后顾之忧。日本遂大举“南进”,并发动对美太平洋战争。由此可见,德国扩张攻势对日本“南进”决策发挥了重大推动作用。

After WWI,senior officials of Japanese Army and Navy had planned the expansion strategy to plunder resources and achieve the goal of"self-sufficient economic circle".However,the Army and the Navy have differences in the expansion direction regarding"northward advancement"and"southward advancement."The pro-British and American naval forces opposed radical expansion.Meanwhile,the strength of the Soviet Union,the United Kingdom,and the United States also had an impact on Japan.Therefore,the strategy failed to be implemented for a long time.However,the"Molotov– Ribbentrop Pact"forced the Japanese Army to abandon its"northward advancement."The rapid victory of the German army on the western front brought about the"southward advancement"faction in the Japanese army and navy defeating the pro-British and American factions.When coming into power,they established the strategy of"southward advancement"to achieve the goal of"self-sufficient economic circle".The German’s attack on the Soviet Union relieved the worries of the"southward advancement"faction.Japan then aggressively advanced southward and launched a Pacific war against the United States.This showed that the German offensive played a major role in promoting Japan’s decision of"southward advancement".