劫难与“复苏”:沦陷时期的南京百货业

Calamity and“Recovery”:Nanjing's General Merchandise Industry during the Occupation

1927年,国民政府定都南京。随着国货运动的兴起,南京百货业有了长足发展,既有商业街区,也有大型商场。南京失陷后,市内百货业几被焚掠一空,遭到毁灭性打击。沦陷初期,伪政权为维持统治秩序,在恢复百货业经营方面进行了规划、整理工作,并整修既有商场招徕商贩。随着太平洋战争的爆发,汪伪政权作为日本攫取战争资源以战养战的工具,积极实行战时统制经济,严密控制百货业的经营活动。此时,随着百货业的"复苏",新发展起来的诸多百货业同业公会具有双重身份,既是行业自救性组织,也是伪政权借以控制行业的工具,并致力于在团体利益和"政府"利益之间寻求平衡。

In 1927,the Nationalist Government made Nanjing the Capital.With the rise of the movement to use national goods,Nanjing’s general merchandise industry had made considerable progress with both commercial districts and large-scale shopping malls.After the fall of Nanjing,the general merchandise industry within the city was almost burned out and suffered a devastating blow.In the early days of the fall,to maintain the ruling order,the puppet regime carried out some work in the restoration of the general merchandise business,and renovated the existing shopping malls to attract vendors.With the outbreak of the Pacific War,the puppet regime of Wang Jingwei,as a tool for Japan to seize resources to support the war,actively implemented the wartime economy and strictly controlled the business activities of the general merchandise industry.At that time,with the"recovery"of the general merchandise industry,many newly-developed trade associations of the general merchandise industry had dual identities.They were both self-help organizations of the industry and a tool of the puppet regime to control the industry,seeking a balance between the interests of groups and of the"government".