尼采、俾斯麦与大政治

Nietzsche,Bismarck and Great Politics

在告别民族主义的热望之后,尼采用大政治概念来分析并批判俾斯麦。尼采的俾斯麦批判实际上也正是他的现代政治批判。后期尼采将大政治挪为己用,意在克服现代政治的虚无主义实质。尼采的大政治不只是欧洲一体化或全球化政治,而且更主要的是一种价值政治或精神政治。无论是前期的分析,还是后期的化用,尼采都以超越于政治的文化和价值旨趣来衡量政治。现实政治没有接受价值战争的逻辑,没有服务于文化,这是尼采批判俾斯麦的真正理由。俾斯麦所理解的权力仅为权力意志的一种表现,对于俾斯麦的德国,尼采的权力意志哲学因而既提供了理解的路径又提供了批判的视角。对于当下来说,考察“尼采、俾斯麦与大政治”,一方面有助于合理挖掘尼采思想的政治意涵,另一方面有助于我们理解自身时代的大政治问题。

After saying goodbye to nationalist aspirations,Nietzsche analyzed and criticized Bismarck with the concept of great politics.Nietzsche’s criticism of Bismarck is actually a criticism of modern politics.The later Nietzsche used the great politics in order to overcome the nihilistic essence of modern politics.Nietzsche’s great politics is not only the politics of European integration or globalization,but also a kind of value politics or spiritual politics.Whether in the early analysis or in the later application,Nietzsche measured politics with the cultural and value purport beyond politics.Realistic politics does not accept the logic of value war and does not serve culture,which is the real reason for Nietzsche’s criticism of Bismarck.Power understood by Bismarck is only a manifestation of the will to power.For Bismarck’s Germany,Nietzsche’s philosophy of the will to power provides both a path of understanding and a critical perspective.For the current theory,investigating“Nietzsche,Bismarck and great politics”is helpful to reasonably excavate the political meaning of Nietzsche’s thought on the one hand,and to understand the great political problems of our own times on the other hand.