生态文明时代农业空间规划内涵及发展趋势

Connotation and trends of agricultural spatial planning in the ecological civilization era

农业空间是国土空间的重要组成部分,开展农业空间规划研究,对于保障中国粮食安全和重要农产品供给、提高农业质量效益和竞争力、扎实推进生态文明建设具有重要意义。在界定农业空间规划内涵的基础上,通过回顾既有相关规划实践,分析农业空间发展趋势,提出生态文明时代农业空间规划策略。结果表明:1)农业空间规划是对一定时期内农业空间保护、利用、整治修复做出的统筹安排。2)既有农业空间相关规划很好地解决了当时农业农村发展迫切需要解决的空间问题,但大多是聚焦于农业空间的某一项活动或某一项要素,缺乏对农业空间各类活动、各项要素的协调统筹,易导致空间保护低效、空间利用无序、生态环境本身的系统性被破坏等问题。3)进入生态文明时代,农业空间呈现出发展功能复合化、发展需求优质化、发展模式绿色化、发展手段数字化、发展路径融合化等趋势,相应地提出生态文明时代农业空间规划策略,包括坚持生命共同体理念优化农业空间系统结构、坚持人与自然和谐共生原则分析规划底线、坚持民生福祉导向分析规划目标任务、坚持主体功能原则优化区域布局、坚持绿色经济模式优化产业布局、坚持融合发展理念合理布局平台载体、坚持数字赋能提升规划和管理效率等。该研究结果可为国土空间规划编制提供一定思路借鉴。

Agricultural space is one of the most important parts of the territorial space,particularly for agriculture production and rural living.Agricultural spatial planning is an overall arrangement about the protection,utilization,renovation,and restoration of agricultural space during a specific period.Specifically,the territorial spatial planning aims to optimize the agricultural spatial structure for the implementation of rural development strategy.It is also necessary to improve the national food security,agricultural efficiency,and competitiveness in the construction of ecological civilization.Three categories are often divided into the plans of agricultural space:1)protection of cultivated land,2)utilization of regional division,3)rural territory consolidation,such as the readjustment of farmland,and rural construct land,as well as ecological restoration.These plans have greatly contributed to the management of land space at different stages of rural development.However,most plans focused only on one activity or one element of agricultural space,leading to low efficiency of space protection,and the disorder of space utilization,even the destruction of the ecological environment system.Six development trends can also be found in the utilization of agricultural space in the era of ecological civilization,multi functions of agriculture,high-quality of consumption demand,green development mode,digitization of development means,urban-rural integration,and industrial integration of development path.In this study,seven strategies were also proposed.1)The structure of the agricultural spatial system was optimized using the concept of life community.2)A trade-off was coordinated between the baselines of security and social-economic development,thereby promoting the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.3)Three systems were also necessary to be built,in response to the demands for high-quality products,life,and ecological environment.First,the classified protection was composed of various agricultural land for different products,such as the permanent basic farmland for food security,grain,and key agro-product production protection areas for stable supply,as well as the predominant areas of characteristic agricultural products for competitive advantage.Second,the efficient utilization system consisted of regional distribution,the whole industrial chain,and agricultural parks layout.Third,the consolidation and restoration system also included quantity supplement,quality improvement of farmland,and rural ecological restoration.4)Regional distribution of agriculture was optimized,according to main functions.5)The industrial chains were relocated suitable for the green development.6)Agriculture parks were necessary to integrate the urban-rural and industrial communities.7)The efficiency of planning and management was also improved using digital technology.Therefore,this finding can provide a promising insightful idea for the territorial spatial planning.