产权激励背景下职务科技成果完成人自主转化权立法探索

Legislative Exploration on the Right of Transformation of Duty-related Scientific and Technological Achievements under the Background of Property Rights Incentives

我国于2020年进行了《专利法》的第四次修改,在职务发明制度中加入产权激励的规定。目前我国对于职务科技成果转化的产权激励制度,主要有奖酬激励、荣誉激励、经费保障激励等政策性激励方式。但由于科研单位处于优势地位,导致缺乏对激励实施的监管与约束管理机制,从而导致这些激励性措施有时会难以落地,而赋予科研人员职务科技成果自主转化权的改革,缺乏所有权法理基础因而难以大范围实施推行。《专利法》第四次修改专门强调产权激励采用兜底性条款的设置方式,为新型的产权激励模式探索留下了空间。职务科技成果完成人自主转化权的激励模式,通过将科技成果所有权中的转化权分离出来并赋予有关科研人员,能够解决现有激励模式中不能解决的问题,具有重要的现实意义和价值。

China carried out the fourth revision of Patent Law in 2020,adding the provisions of property right incentive to the service invention system.At present,China’s property rights incentive system for the transformation of duty-related scientific and technological achievements mainly includes policy incentive methods such as reward incentive,honor incentive and fund guarantee incentive.However,due to the superior position of scientific research units,there is a lack of supervision and restraint management mechanism for the implementation of incentives,which makes it difficult to implement these incentive measures.The reform of giving researchers the right to autonomously transform their scientific and technological achievements is difficult to carry out in a large scale without the legal basis of ownership.The fourth revision of Patent Law specifically emphasizes the property rights incentive,and adopts the setting method of comprehensive clauses,leaving room for the exploration of new property rights incentive model.The incentive model of the transformation right of duty-related scientific and technological achievements,by separating the transformation rights from the ownership of scientific and technological achievements and granting them to relevant scientific researchers,can solve the problems that cannot be solved in the existing incentive models,which is of great practical significance and value.