议题化与网络事件的社会建构

The Topicalization and Social Construction of Network Events

网络事件是网络表达、网络情感、网络舆论、网络动员和网络行动的重要表现形式。尽管虚拟世界的网络事件与现实世界的原始事件相对应,但网络事件并不是对原始事件的简单复制和再现,而是以原始事件为基础所发生的一种社会建构。因此,转化性是网络事件最重要的特征。从原始事件向网络事件的转化是一个网络议题的建构过程,也就是网络定义者和网络参与者基于原始事件的可辨特征所进行的一种归因想象。原始事件的信息越不充分,越容易激发建构者的想象力和拓展议题建构的空间。议题框架的建构、框架动员与认同、议题的展开构成原始事件向网络事件转化的基本序列。网络事件就是在这个过程中被建构出来的。从议题建构的社会归因来看,网络议题包括结构性议题和变迁性议题两种基本类型。其中,结构性议题包括社会特权议题、社会支持议题和社会信任议题三个次级类型;变迁性议题则包括社会失序议题、社会焦虑议题和社会公德议题三个次级类型。

Network events are the important manifestations of the emotional expression,public opinion,social mobilization and social action on the internet.Although network events in the virtual world correspond to the original events in the real world,they are not the simple copy and reproduction of original events,instead of the social construction based on original events.Therefore,the transformability is the most important feature of network events.The transformation from an original event to a network event is the formation of internet issue,which is a kind of attributional imagination based on the identifiable characteristics of original events by the definers and participants in the cyberspace.The more inadequate the information from the original event,the easier it is to stimulate the imagination of actors and promote topicalization.It is the basic transformational sequence from original events to network events that are composed of the construction of the framework,mobilization,identification and unfolding of internet issues.Namely,network events are constructed above development process.From the perspective of social attribution of issue construction,network issues include two basic types:structural issues and vicissitude issues.Among them,the former include three sub-types:social privilege,social support and social trust;the latter include three sub-types:social disorder,social anxiety and social moral.