试论赫德加德的儿童发展观及其现代价值

On Mariane Hedegaard’s View of Children’s Development and Its Modern Value

在传统儿童发展理论视域下,儿童发展有着标准路径,这使对儿童发展的理解走向单一向度。基于此,全面理解和促进儿童发展的文化-历史理论应运而生。它立足前人的理论,通过儿童学习发展模型集中诠释了对儿童发展的整体性理解,考虑了社会、机构和个人之间的动态互动;运用辩证的方法研究儿童发展;对研究材料进行可靠和有效的解释。其主要的特点是考虑儿童的观点,从整体角度研究儿童发展;关注研究者角色;构建了与儿童发展相关的学科教学观。它为我们从整体上研究儿童发展提供了工具,也为研究者提供了有用的框架。研究者要关注儿童视角,让儿童参与研究;明晰研究者角色,全面整体地了解儿童;构建共同知识,从儿童日常生活理解儿童发展。

According to traditional theories of children’s development, there is a standard pathway for children’s development, which has led to a singular understanding of children’s development. Based on this, a cultural-historical theory of comprehensive understanding and promotion of children’s development has emerged. It builds on previous theories and focuses on a holistic understanding of children’s development through a model of children’s learning and development that considers the dynamic interaction between society, institutions, and individuals, uses a dialectical approach to study children’s development, and provides reliable and valid interpretations of research materials. Its main features are the consideration of the children’s perspective and the study of children’s development from a holistic perspective, the focus on the role of the researcher, and the construction of a pedagogical view of the discipline in relation to children’s development. It provides tools for studying children’s development as a whole and a useful framework for researchers. Researchers need to focus on the children’s perspective and involve children in research, clarify the researcher’s role and understand children comprehensively and holistically, and construct common knowledge to understand children’s development from children’s daily lives.