棘孢木霉SFC-3菌剂对小麦生理生化特性及小麦孢囊线虫的影响

Effects of Trichoderma asperellum SFC-3 agent on wheat physiological and biochemical characteristics and wheat cyst nematode

采用盆栽试验探讨了不同剂量棘孢木霉SFC-3菌剂对小麦生理生化指标及生防效果的影响。结果表明:施用SFC-3菌剂对小麦的株高和主根长度没有明显影响(P>0.05),但可提高小麦的出芽率,当施菌剂量为1.0~2.0 g/kg时小麦的出芽率显著高于对照(P<0.05);施用SFC-3菌剂小麦叶片中叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量与对照相比均显著增加(P<0.05),其中施菌剂量为1.0 g/kg时最高。而小麦叶片中的MDA含量在施菌剂量为1.0 g/kg时显著低于对照和其他施菌处理(P<0.05);当施菌剂量为0.5~1.0 g/kg时,小麦叶片中SOD和POD活性显著高于对照,进一步增加施菌剂量,小麦叶片中SOD和POD活性均随之显著降低(P<0.05)。当施菌剂量为1.5 g/kg和2.0 g/kg时每克根中小麦孢囊线虫2龄幼虫数量最少,发病级别最低,其相对防效分别为88.68%和87.04%,其次为施菌剂量1.0 g/kg的处理,其相对防效为80.50%。施用不同剂量的棘孢木霉SFC-3菌剂对小麦生理生化指标均有不同程度的影响,并且当施菌剂量为1.0 g/kg时对小麦生长和孢囊线虫的防治效果最好。

Pot experiments were conducted to explore the effect of different dosages of Trichoderma asperellum SFC-3 on wheat physiological and biochemical indicators and biocontrol effects.The results show that the application of SFC-3 showed no effect on the plant height and main root length of wheat(P>0.05),but increased the germination rate.The treatment with 1.0-2.0 g/kg of SFC-3 showed significantly higher germination rates than the control(P<0.05).The content of chlorophyll and soluble protein in wheat leaves increased significantly in all treatments compared with that of the control(P<0.05).When treated with 1.0 g/kg of SFC-3,the wheat showed the highest content of chlorophyll and soluble protein but the lowest MDA content in the leaves(P<0.05).When treated with 0.5-1.0 g/kg of SFC-3,the SOD and POD activities in wheat leaves were higher than those of the control,but decreased significantly with the increase of the dose(P<0.05).Compared with other treatments,the number of second-instar larvae of wheat cyst nematode per gram of roots and the disease index was the lowest at the dosage of 1.5 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg,with the relative control efficacy of 88.68%and 87.04%,respectively,followed by the treatment of 1.0 g/kg with the relative control efficacy of 80.50%.These results indicate that the application of different doses of T.asperellum SFC-3 has different effects on the physiological and biochemical indexes of wheat,and the control effect on wheat growth and cyst nematodes is best at the dosage of 1.0 g/kg.