新生儿重症监护室早产儿家庭功能水平及其影响因素分析

Influencing factors of family function on the premature infant staying in NICU

目的了解新生儿重症监护室(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)早产儿的家庭功能状况并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2020年1月至8月采用一般资料调查表、家庭功能评估量表(family assessment device,FAD)、简易应对方式问卷(simplified coping style questionnaire,SCSQ)以及社会支持量表(social support rating scale,SSRS)对苏州市某三级甲等儿童医院NICU199例早产儿父母进行横断面调查,采用多重线性回归分析方法,探讨影响NICU早产儿家庭功能的因素。结果NICU早产儿家庭功能总分为145.00(131.00,161.00)分,积极应对方式得分24.00(21.00,29.00)分;消极应对方式得分8.00(5.00,12.00)分,社会支持得分43.00(38.00,48.00)分。早产儿家庭功能总分与积极应对方式得分、社会支持得分呈负相关(r值分别为-0.439、-0.432,均P<0.001);与消极应对方式得分呈正相关(r=0.276,P<0.001)。多重线性回归结果显示,父母受教育程度、职业状况、家庭结构和消极应对方式、社会支持及早产儿胎龄、入住NICU时间是影响NICU早产儿家庭功能的重要因素(P<0.05),其可共同解释早产儿家庭功能总变异的41.30%。结论NICU早产儿家庭功能水平一般。应积极评估NICU早产儿的家庭功能状况,并根据早产儿父母受教育程度、职业状况和家庭结构,提供针对性的指导;指导和帮助早产儿父母采取积极应对方式和寻找社会支持,以提高早产儿家庭功能水平。

Objective To explore current situations and influencing factors of family function of premature infants who are in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).Methods With the convenience sampling methods,a survey was conducted among the parents of 199 premature infants from a general hospital in Suzhou.The survey was carried out in a manner of a series of questionnaires including a general information questionnaire,family assessment device(FAD),simplified coping style questionnaire(SCSQ)and social support rating scale(SSRS),between January 2020 to August 2020.Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the influencing factors of family function.Results The total score of family function,the scores positive coping,negative coping and score of social support were 145.00(131.00,161.00),24.00(21.00,29.00),8.00(5.00,12.00),43.00(38.00,48.00),respectively.There was a negative correlation between the total score of family function and the score of positive coping style and social support(r=-0.439,-0.432,P<0.001),and it positively correlated with the score of negative coping style(r=0.276,P<0.001).Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the education and occupation of parent,family function,gestational age,time stayed in NICU,negative coping style,and social support were the influencing factors to the family function(P<0.05),and it accounted at 41.30%of the total variation.Conclusions The family function of premature infants staying in NICU is at a general level.The medical staff should actively assess the family function of the premature infants staying in NICU,provide targeted guidance to the parents based on their education and occupation and the family structure,and help the parents to take active coping strategy,and to seek social support,therefore to improve the family attitude.