颈椎前路术后患者头部制动枕的研制及应用

Head restriction pillow for cervical support after cervical operation

目的研制头部制动枕并检测其在颈椎前路术后戴颈托患者中的应用效果。方法选取2018年6月—12月在本科室住院行颈椎前路术后戴颈托的患者80例,按照入院时间先后分为试验组和对照组,每组各40例,试验组使用自行设计的头部制动枕进行头部制动;对照组使用枕后垫折叠软毛巾,颈部两侧各用沙袋(盐水袋)固定的传统头部制动方法。比较两组患者在头部制动期间颈肩部位皮肤反应性充血发生情况并了解患者主观感受及舒适度。结果试验组患者颈肩部位反应性充血发生率为5.0%低于对照组的42.5%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.531,P<0.05);试验组舒适度得分(42.5±2.1)分高于对照组得分(33.9±4.0)分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=11.855,P<0.001)。90.0%以上试验组患者认为,头部制动枕使用方便、对睡眠影响不大。结论头部制动枕不但能满足颈椎术后戴颈托患者的体位要求,而且能降低颈肩部位反应性充血的发生、增加患者舒适度,并且得到患者的认可,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To develop a head restriction pillow and study the effect of it in cervical support after anterior cervical surgery.Methods Eighty patients with anterior cervical surgery in our department from June to December 2018 were selected and divided into an trial group and a control group according to the time of admission.There were 40 patients in each group.All the patients in the two groups wore cervical supports.A self-designed head restriction pillow was applied to the trial group.The head restriction was carried out by using folded towels as a pillow with the head restricted by placing 2 bags of salt at each side of the head,in the control group.The two groups were compared with the incidence of reactive hyperemia in the skin of shoulder and neck and the subjective feelings.Results The incidence of reactive hyperemia in the trial group was significantly lower than that in the control group(5.0%vs.42.50%,χ^(2)=15.531,P<0.05).The score of comfort in the trial group was significantly higher than that of the control group(42.58±2.19 vs.33.93±4.06,t=11.855,P<0.001).Over 90%of patients in the trial group considered the head restriction pillow was convenient to use and rendered no influence in their sleeping quality,while those in the control group believed that the traditional head restriction did not render influence on the sleeping quality.Conclusions The head restriction pillow meets the requirements of patients for body positions after cervical surgery,it also improves the comfort of patients and reduces the occurrence of reactive hyperemia.Further studies are necessary to investigate the benefits of the self-designed head restriction pillow.