困境儿童分类保障政策执行效能研究——基于社会组织福利提供的视角

Research on the Implementation Efficiency of Classified Security Policy for Children in Distress—From the Perspective of Social Organizations′Welfare Provision

困境儿童分类保障试图通过精细化技术治理改变之前服务难以“精准化”的问题。但从民政部适度普惠儿童福利制度5个试点地区的福利实践来看,政策在执行中出现目标群体需要识别简单化和静态化、竞标文本化和服务形式化、部门沟通碎片化和联动低效性以及问责模糊性和评估的单一绩效导向等悬浮表现。不成熟的组织供给环境、过度的技术治理手段以及离散的治理结构共同形塑了困境儿童分类保障政策执行中的悬浮状态,影响了社会组织福利供给的质量和效能,导致基层悬浮型福利治理格局的形成。要想提升困境儿童分类保障政策的执行效能,需要从价值理念、技术手段、能力建设及体制机制入手,培养对儿童的新认识,提升社会组织的行动能力和服务的精准性,优化儿童岗位设置,实现从悬浮型治理向协同型治理的转变。

The classified security for children in distress is an attempt to change the problem of services that were difficult to"pinpoint"through sophisticated technical governance.But from the welfare practices of the 5 pilot areas with the children welfare system,it appears a lot of floating appearance in the concrete execution,such as simplifications and statics in need identification,textual bidding and formalization of services,accountability ambiguity and single performance-oriented evaluation and fragmentation integration barriers and inefficient linkages.And the immature supply environment,the transitional technical governance and the scattered governance structure together have shaped the floating appearance,influenced the quality and efficiency of the social organizations′welfare supply and resulted in the formation of the floating welfare governance pattern at the local levels.In order to improve the implementation efficiency of classified security policy,we need to start with values,technical means,capacity-building and institutional mechanisms,cultivate new understanding of children,improve the action ability and service accuracy of social organizations,optimize the post setting of children,and realize the transformation from suspended governance to collaborative governance.