重情则重乐——兼论先秦儒家乐教与人性论的关系

Valuing Emotion Inevitably Leads to Valuing Music Education—On the Relationship Between Pre-Qin Confucianism Music Education and Theory of Human Nature

儒家重视情感,这一传统是由孔子奠定的。重视情感则必然重视乐教,二者之间呈现正相关关系。但是就先秦而言,并不是凡儒家都重情。子思和孟子一系的儒家,相比孔子、《性自命出》、荀子到《乐记》的儒家,对于情的重视程度明显不及。这应该与其人性论的不同有关:经验主义人性论都重视情,先验主义人性论则不重视情。从乐教角度看,先验主义人性论不重乐,经验主义人性论都重乐。在先秦,儒家以理言性的先验主义人性论不是主流,以生言性的经验主义人性论是主流。相应地,教化论也以外部教化为主流,思孟的内在超越路径不是主流。

Confucianism attaches importance to emotion,and this tradition was established by Confucius.Valuing emotion inevitably leads to valuing music education,and there is a positive correlation between them.But as far as the pre-Qin Period was concerned,not all Confucians attached importance to emotion.The Confucianists represented by Zisi and Mencius,obviously gave lower importance to emotion compared with Confucius,Confucianists in Xing Zi Ming Chu,Xun Zi and those in Yue Ji.This was related to the difference of human nature theory:empirical humanists all attached importance to emotion,while transcendental humanists did′t pay attention to emotion.From the perspective of music education,transcendental theory of human nature did not value music,while empirical human nature theory attached importance to music.In pre-Qin times transcendental theory of human nature was not the mainstream,while empirical theory of human nature was.Correspondingly,the theory of enlightenment also took external enlightenment as the mainstream,and the inner transcendental path of Zisi and Mencius was not the mainstream.