明代河南“小麦居半”析论

Historical Investigation of"Wheat Planting Occuping Half"in Henan Province in the Ming Dynasty

河南是中国小麦的主产区,河南“小麦居半”的状态形成于明代。明代河南小麦的种植面积大多数地区都在40%以上,税收也超过30%,相对于粟、黍、稷、豆等农作物而言,小麦成为绝对的主粮。小麦在河南种植有着优越的自然地理条件,这为小麦的规模种植创造了前提。政府的推动、先进技术的支持、饮食习惯的促进,加之小麦自身的广泛用途及外来作物的影响,共同构成了“小麦居半”的成因。明代河南的小麦种植为后代小麦种植规模的扩大和技术的进步奠定了坚实的基础。

Henan is the main wheat producing area in China.In Henan,the status of"wheat planting occupying half"was formed in the Ming Dynasty.In the Ming Dynasty,the planting area of wheat in most areas of Henan Province was more than 40%,and the tax revenue was more than 30%.Compared with millet,beans and other crops,wheat became the absolute staple food.Wheat planting in Henan Province had superior physical and geographical conditions,which created a prerequisite for large-scale wheat planting.The promotion encouraged by the government,the support of advanced technology,the promotion of eating habits,and the wide use of wheat and the influence of foreign crops jointly contributed to the historical fact that"wheat occupied half".The wheat planting in Henan in Ming Dynasty laid a solid foundation for the expansion of wheat planting scale and technological progress of future generations.