身份嬗变与抒情回归:论元祐诗坛的民生抒写

Status Transition and Returning to Lyricism:Study on the Writing of People′s Livelihood in Yuanyou Poetry

北宋诗人的民生抒写,是其官员、学者、文人等多重身份意识在文学上的表达交会点。北宋初期,欧阳修、梅尧臣等诗人主要秉承白居易等倡导的“新乐府”的讽喻精神。元祐诗坛上,王安石晚年以宰执视角抒写民生关怀,达到平淡、含蓄的艺术境界;苏轼以“亲民官”与“田舍翁”的视角摹写民生,实现民生抒写与身世之感的融合;黄庭坚进一步强化了民生抒写的布衣精神,并尝试将民生画面作为诗料,化俗为雅,营造出新的艺术效果。以王、苏、黄为代表的元祐诗人,克服了官员身份属性浸入民生抒写中带来的抒情割裂和浅俗倾向,使民生抒写重新回归士人文学抒情言志的传统。

The poets′writing of people′s livelihood in Northern Song Dynasty was a literary expression intersection point of the multiple identity consciousness of being officials,scholars,and literati.In the early Northern Song Dynasty,poets such as Ouyang Xiu and Mei Yaochen mainly followed the allegorical spirit of"Xinyuefu"advocated by Bai Juyi.In Yuanyou poetry,Wang Anshi expressed his concern for people′s livelihood from the perspective of chancellor in his later years,reaching a plain and implicit artistic realm;Su Shi described people′s livelihood from the perspective of a provincial governor and"quasi-farmer",which realized combination of description of people′s livelihood and feeling of one′s life experiences;Huang Tingjian further strengthened the commonality spirit of people′s livelihood writing,and tried to take the people′s livelihood picture as a poetic material,which turned vulgarity into elegance and created a novel artistic effect.The Yuanyou Poets,represented by Wang Anshi,Su Shi and Huang Tingjian,overcame the lyrical separation and shallow vulgar tendency brought by the identity attributes of officials because they immersed in the people′s livelihood writing.As a result,Yuanyou Poets made the writing of people′s livelihood return to the lyric tradition of scholars′literature.