摘要
For a long time,the extraction of H-rich volatile or light species has been an attractive scientific and technical topic of carbonaceous fuel conversions.The extraction can be realized via two routes–the technical processes of pyrolysis for solid fuels and cracking for liquid and gas fuels.Essentially,both processes refer to the thermochemical decomposition of organic matters at elevated temperatures under oxygenlean,or even oxygen-free conditions.Catalysis can also be involved in the process.Pyrolysis or cracking forms the basis for the development of cascaded utilization technology for fuel resources.It also represents the initial step for almost all thermochemical processes such as combustion and gasification of solid fuels,and reforming of liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons.Therefore,it is of great significance to study and understand the science and technology related to pyrolysis and cracking.Indeed,pyrolysis of solid carbonaceous fuels as a representative fuel conversion technology is still under development in the face of many technical challenges or difficulties,whilst cracking of heavy oils and hydrocarbon gases(with or without catalysis)constitutes one of the hottest topics for industry and academy involved in petroleum,natural gas and shale oil or gas.
