要素市场扭曲对中国沿海地区海洋经济效率的影响

The impact of factor market distortion on marine economic efficiency in China's coastal areas

生产要素在各产业间的自由流动和资源的优化配置是实现经济效率提升的关键,因此,科学合理地配置海洋要素资源,提高海洋经济效率,促进海洋经济高质量发展,是中国从海洋大国走向海洋强国的必经之路。本文运用C-D生产函数法和Super-SBM模型分别测度中国沿海11个省区市2006-2016年海洋要素市场扭曲程度及海洋经济效率,并构建计量模型来探究海洋要素市场扭曲与海洋经济效率之间的关系,同时考察不同海洋经济圈内,海洋要素市场扭曲对海洋经济效率的影响并分析其产生原因。最后,利用反事实检验进一步估算要素市场扭曲造成的海洋经济效率的缺口。得出以下结论:(1)研究期间,中国海洋资本、劳动及总体要素市场指数均大于1,呈现负向扭曲状态。从省际层面来看,沿海11个省区市的资本要素市场均为负向扭曲;劳动要素市场除浙江、福建、广东、广西、海南为正向扭曲外,其余为负向扭曲;总体要素市场扭曲省际差距并不明显,其中上海、广东海洋要素市场扭曲程度较轻。(2)从全国层面看,要素市场扭曲明显抑制了中国海洋经济效率的提升,产业结构、海洋区位优势对海洋经济效率的提升有显著推动作用。从三大海洋经济圈来看,要素市场扭曲对海洋经济效率的影响存在显著的地区差异。北部海洋经济圈要素市场扭曲对海洋经济效率有显著提升作用;东部海洋经济圈要素市场扭曲对该地区海洋经济效率呈负向作用,但在考察期间并不显著;南部海洋经济圈要素市场扭曲抑制其海洋经济效率的提升。(3)海洋要素市场扭曲造成的海洋经济效率损失缺口呈波动下降趋势,若消除海洋要素市场扭曲,海洋经济效率损失将平均减少66%。

The free flow of production factors among industries and the optimal allocation of resources are the key to the improvement of economic efficiency.Therefore,the improvement of marine economic efficiency with the scientific and reasonable allocation of marine factor resources and the promotion of high-quality development of marine economy is the only way for China to move from a maritime country to a powerful one.In this paper,C-D production function method and super SBM model are used to measure the degree of distortion of marine factor market and marine economic efficiency in 11 coastal provinces and cities of China from 2006 to 2016,and an econometric model is constructed to explore the relationship between the distortion of marine factor market and marine economic efficiency.At the same time,the impact of distortion of marine factor market on marine economic efficiency in different marine economic circles is investigated,and its production is analyzed.Finally,the counterfactual test is used to further estimate the gap of marine economic efficiency caused by the distortion of factors.The conclusions are as follows:(1)during the research period,China's marine capital,labor and overall factor market index are all greater than 1,showing a negative distortion state.From provincial level,the capital factor markets of 11 coastal provinces and cities are all negative distortions;the labor factor markets are negative distortions except for Zhejiang,Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi and Hainan;the overall factor market distortion gap between provinces is not obvious,and the distortion degree of Shanghai and Guangdong marine factor markets is less.(2)From the national level,the distortion of factor market has obviously restrained the improvement of China's marine economic efficiency,and the industrial structure and marine location advantages have a significant role in promoting the improvement of marine economic efficiency.From the perspective of the three major marine economic circles,there are significant regional differences in the impact of factor market distortions on marine economic efficiency.The distortion of the factor market in the northern marine economic circle has a significant role in improving the efficiency of the marine economy,while it has a negative effect on the efficiency of the marine economy in the eastern marine economic circle,not significant during the investigation period.The distortion of the factor market in the southern marine economic circle inhibits the improvement of the efficiency of the marine economy.(3)The loss gap of marine economic efficiency caused by the distortion of marine factor market shows a fluctuating downward trend.If the distortion of marine factor market is eliminated,the loss of marine economic efficiency will be reduced by 66%on average.