基于演化博弈的人力稀缺服务行业员工心理幸福感提升策略研究——以养老行业为例

Research on the mechanism of improving psychological well-being of industries with labor shortage based on evolutionary game:A case study on the elderly care industry

在人力稀缺服务行业中,提升员工的心理幸福感是增强其留职意愿的重要方式。以养老行业为例,针对养老护理员和养老服务机构在提升养老护理员心理幸福感过程中资源耗损的问题,在厘清养老服务机构和养老护理员利益逻辑的基础上,构建养老护理员和养老服务机构的演化博弈模型并引入“约束−激励”机制,分析不同情形下养老服务机构和养老护理员的博弈决策。研究发现:当养老服务机构从采取措施提升养老护理员心理幸福感的行为中获得的收益足够高时,即使没有外界干预,仍然可以有效提升养老护理员的心理幸福感,但不存在唯一稳定的均衡策略;在引入“约束−激励”机制的情况下,其他利益相关主体施加的奖励和惩罚成本之和不仅要大于养老护理员耗费个人资源以提升心理幸福感所造成的损失,而且要大于养老服务机构为帮助养老护理员提升心理幸福感所造成的损失,才可以得到唯一稳定的均衡策略即{积极应对,帮助}。

In the service industries where labor is insufficient,improving the employees'psychological well-being is an important way of strengthening their wishes to stay in their positions.A case study on the elderly care industry,aiming at the resource depletion of nursing staff and nursing home in the process of improving nursing staff’s psychological well-being,and based on clarifying the benefit logic of nursing home and nursing staff,this paper constructs an evolutionary game model and further introduces the"constraint-incentive"mechanism to analyze the game decisions of nursing staff and nursing home under different circumstances.The study finds that when the benefits obtained from the behavior of taking measures to improve the psychological well-being of nursing staff are high enough,even without external intervention,the psychological well-being of nursing staff can still be effectively improved,but there does not exist the only stable equilibrium strategy.When introducing"constraint-incentive mechanism",only if the sum of reward and punishment costs imposed by other stakeholders is not only greater than the loss caused by nursing staff consuming personal resources to improve psychological well-being,and also more than the loss caused by the fact that nursing home helps nursing staff improve psychological well-being,can the only stable equilibrium strategy be obtained(that is,actively reacting,helping).