公共危机中的谣言:认知判断、功能分析与治理路径

Rumors in Public Crises:Cognitive Judgment,Functional Analysis and Governance Approaches

伴随公共危机的发生,谣言总是相生相伴。对于谣言,人们往往把它与虚假信息紧密地联系在一起。但是,无论是从谣言定义的理论阐释,还是对危机谣言传播的实证分析,都不约而同地发现,谣言所传递的信息,未必完全虚假,有些谣言不仅信息真实,而且还回应着公共危机的特殊情境,之于公共危机而言也未必完全是消极影响。因此,对于谣言,尤其是公共危机中的谣言,人们应该做到客观判断、双重认知;对于公共危机中的谣言治理,也需要采取辩证思维,在寒蝉效应与言论自由之间寻求平衡。

The occurrence of public crises is always accompanied by rumors.people often associate rumors directly with false information.However,both theoretical interpretation of the definition of rumor and the empirical analysis of rumor spreading in crises find that the information spread by rumors is not completely false,and that some rumors not only convey real information,but are also responses to the special situation of the public crisis.So what such rumors bring about is not entirely negative impact to the public crisis.Therefore,as for rumors,especially in times of public crisis,people should make objective judgment and double cognition.As for rumor management in public crisis,dialectical thinking should be adopted to strike a balance between chilling effect and freedom of speech.