论司法裁判社会效果与法律效果的统一--以一审二审法院对“电梯劝阻吸烟案”等的不同判决取向为考察中心

Unification of Social Effect and Legal Effect of Judicial Adjudication:Exploration of Different Judgment Orientations of Court of First Instance and Court of Second Instance in“Case of Dissuading a Smoker in Elevator”

河南郑州“电梯劝阻吸烟案”从发生伊始便受到社会强烈的关注,一审法院和二审法院基于不同效果考量作出不同判决,引发对法律效果和社会效果两者之间关系的重新讨论。一审法院在裁判时适用公平责任原则,判令劝烟者杨欢给予死者家属补偿,着重考量该案引发的社会效果,意图平息和解决纷争;二审法院从法律因果关系角度否定了一审适用公平责任原则的合理性,改判并驳回上诉人的全部诉讼请求。法律效果与社会效果的关系有“工具论”“分离论”“统一论”三种认识,“统一论”最具合理性,其是通过正确适用法律的方法,实现司法判决确定性和正确性的统一而体现出法律效果。这二者中的正确性保证判决符合社会正义,实现了判决的社会效果,从而确保法律效果与社会效果的统一。

The“Case of Dissuading a Smoker in Elevator”happened in Zhengzhou City,Henan Province has come under intense social concern from the very beginning.The different judgments of the Court of First Instance and the Court of Second Instance were made out of considerations of different effects,which have triggered a renewed discussion on the relationship between legal and social effects.The Court of First Instance applied the principle of fair liability in its judgment and ordered Yang Huan,the person who dissuades the smoker,to compensate the family of the deceased;its main concern is the social effect of the case,with the intention of calming and resolving the dispute;the Court of Second Instance denied the rationality of applying the principle of fair liability by the Court of First Instance from the perspective of legal causality,commuted and rejected all the claims of the appellant.There are three kinds of thoughts over the relationship between legal effect and social effect:the“instrument theory”,the“separation theory”and the“unification theory”.The“unification theory”is the most reasonable,which manifests the legal effect by correctly applying the law to achieve the unification of judicial verdict’s certainty and correctness.Among the two,correctness ensures that the verdict conforms to social justice and realizes the social effect of the verdict,which further guarantees the unification of the verdict’s legal effect and social effect.