违法性认识体系地位争论之否定——兼谈违法性认识功能定位

The Negation of the Dispute over the Status of Illegality Cognition System——On the Cognitive Function Orientation of Illegality

违法性认识应确定为刑法违反的意识,不以认识到可罚性为必要。同时,不能以实质违法性为桥梁而将其与社会危害性认识等同。在犯罪成立上,作为考察对象的违法性认识可能性是不可或缺的消极责任要素,具有贯彻责任主义和实现预防必要性的双重功能。在我国语境下,违法性认识体系地位争论表现为犯罪构成内外之争。这一争论导致违法性认识在事实评价上缺乏完整性、在概念内涵上无法与本土概念相兼容、在法律效果上呈现出两极化倾向。因此,提前预设违法性认识存在平台的做法是不恰当的。在违法性认识问题上,不应过分执迷于对体系地位的探索,而应当重视双重功能的发挥。违法性认识错误可避免与不可避免的分类为违法性认识双重功能的发挥提供了可能的实践进路。

The illegality cognition should be defined as the awareness of criminal law violation,and it is not necessary to recognize the punishability.At the same time,we can't equate substantive illegality with social harmfulness.In the establishment of crime,the possibility of illegality cognition as the object of investigation is an indispensable element of negative responsibility,which has the dual functions of carrying out the responsibility doctrine and realizing the necessity of prevention.In the context of China,the debate on the status of illegality cognition system is manifested in the internal and external debate on the constitution of crime.As a result,the cognition of illegality lacks integrity in factual evaluation,cannot be compatible with the local concept in concept connotation,and shows a tendency of polarization in legal effect.Therefore,it is not appropriate to presuppose the existence platform of illegal cognition in advance.Understanding the illegality cognition,we should not be too obsessed with the exploration of system status,but should pay attention to the play of dual functions.The classification of avoidable and inevitable errors of illegality cognition provides a possible practical approach for the play of double function of illegality cognition.