系统领导在英国:缘起、架构与实施策略

System Leadership in England:Origin,Framework and Strategy

当前英国的学校教育由竞争转向复杂的合作,提升学校整体改革能力得到重视,学校改进的责任转移到学校领导者身上,这要求学校在系统范围内谋求共同改进,由此推动了系统领导的产生。2016年《教育卓越无所不在》白皮书颁布了系统领导架构图,由“卓越学校”与“优秀领导者”担当起系统领导的重任,帮助表现不佳的学校进行改进,其中包括教学学校联盟、多元学院信托、国家支持学校、国家教育领导者、国家学校管理委员会领导者、教育专家领导者等。从系统领导活动和实践中可以分析其实施策略,包括:合作与联盟是重要手段;着眼于整体而分层级实施;培养优秀的系统领导者。

The school education in England is currently transformed from competition to complex cooperation.Improving schools’overall innovative ability has been paid more attention to and the responsibility for school improvement has been shifted to school leaders,which requires schools to seek common improvements within the system,thereby causing the generation of sys⁃tem leadership.The 2016 White Paper issued the framework of system leadership that requires“outstanding schools”and“excel⁃lent leaders”to act as system leaders to help underperforming schools to improve,including teaching school alliances,multiacademy trusts,national support schools,national leaders of education,the leaders of national school management committee,the leaders of educational experts,etc.From system leadership activities and practice,we can analyze the following implementa⁃tion strategies:cooperation and alliance are important means;emphasis is put on the overall improvement but implemented with a multi-layered approach;and excellent system leaders have been trained.