新手、熟手和专家型教师对躯体表情觉察的差异——基于眼动的证据

Comparative Study on Awareness of Emotional Body Language among Novice,Proficient and Expert Teachers:Evidence from Eye-movements

为比较新手、熟手和专家教师在觉察躯体表情中的差异,采用新手—熟手—专家型教师范式,选取23名新手教师、19名熟手教师和20名专家型教师进行躯体表情的视觉搜索实验,并利用眼动仪记录被试在实验中的眼动数据。结果发现:在正确率方面,专家教师在两种条件下的正确率均显著高于新手和熟手教师,但是新手和熟手教师之间的差异不显著;在眼动方面,专家型教师的首次进入时间和进入前的注视点个数均短于新手教师和熟手教师,但新手教师与熟手教师之间的差异不显著。基于研究结果,教师要重视躯体表情在把握学生情绪中的补偿功能,并通过认知练习和情绪体验来丰富教师情感图式,以提高教师的躯体表情觉察能力。

To compare the differences among novice,proficient and expert teachers in the emotional body language aware⁃ness,23 novice teachers,19 proficient teachers and 20 expert teachers were selected to participate in the experiment,using the visual search paradigm and a mixture of 3(type:novice,proficient,expert)×2(condition:consistent,inconsistent)design and use the eye tracker to record the subject’s visual search process.The results have showed as follows:the accuracy rates of ex⁃pert teachers under both conditions were significantly higher than those of novice and proficient teachers,but there was no signifi⁃cant difference between novice and proficient teachers;in terms of eye movement results,expert teachers’elapse time of first fix⁃ation to AOI and the fixation counts before entering AOI were significantly shorter than those of novice teachers and proficient teachers,there existed no significant difference between novice and proficient teachers.Based on the research findings,it is pro⁃posed that teachers should pay attention to the compensatory function of emotional body language in grasping students’emotions,and they should enrich their emotional schema through cognitive exercises and emotional experience to improve their ability to be aware of emotional body language.