从“单维度”到“双维度”:五四纪念文本对李大钊的形象建构——以《人民日报》为中心

From“Single Dimension”to“Double Dimension”:the Image Construction of Li Dazhao in Commemorative Texts of the May 4th Movement Centered on People’s Daily

改革开放前,五四纪念文本对李大钊的形象建构,集中在政治维度单方面:李大钊是宣传和捍卫马克思主义的“一个英勇的突击兵”。改革开放后,五四纪念文本对李大钊的形象建构,集中在政治维度和文化维度两方面:李大钊既是传播和捍卫马克思主义的“第一人”,又是“20世纪初我国思想文化界的一位杰出人物”。这一转变,一方面说明,改革开放后对李大钊的评价更加全面和客观;另一方面说明,对历史人物的评价虽然基于其个人的历史活动和贡献,但同时也受到时代主题、话语体系变迁等多重因素的影响。认识这一转变并分析其原因,既可缅怀李大钊在五四时期的历史功绩,亦可见证改革开放前后中国共产党关于五四话语的变迁。

Before the reform and opening-up,the image construction of Li Dazhao in the commemorative texts of the May 4th movement concentrated on the“political dimension”alone:being a gallant commando who disseminated and defended Marxism.After that,it shifted to both“political dimension”and“cultural dimension”:being not only the“first one”to disseminate and defend Marxism,but also“a brilliant figure in Chinese ideological and cultural circles at the beginning of 20th century”,which shows on one hand that the comment on Li Dazhao is more comprehensive and objective after the reform and opening-up,on the other hand that the comments are affected by the changing theme of the times and discourse system,even though they are based on his historical activities and contribution.Recognizing this transition and analyzing its reason can help us to commemorate Li Dazhao’s historical contribution in the May 4th movement and to understand the CPC’s discourse changes about the May 4th Movement before and after the reform and opening-up.