身份认同对农民互助养老意愿的影响及其异质性分析

The Influence of Identity on Farmers'Willingness to Mutual Support for the Aged and Its Heterogeneity Analysis

互助养老是解决农村养老难题的重要抓手,其在本质上表达为集体行动,与成员对集体的身份认同及其团结规则相关。本文构建"身份认同-团结规则-农民互助养老决策"的分析框架,并使用"千村调研"数据进行实证估计。结果表明:(1)身份认同促使农民更关注集体利益,从而转化为互助养老的动机。(2)团结规则在身份认同对农民互助养老意愿的影响中发挥中介作用。(3)经济分化扩大了农民禀赋的异质性,导致互助养老的行为逻辑发生变化,即对于经济下层农民而言,身份认同影响团结规则,从而促使他们参加互助养老;对于经济中层和上层农民而言,身份认同却难以通过团结规则而促进他们参加互助养老。进一步讨论发现:村规民约形成具有强制性和普遍性的社会规范,并促使经济中层和上层农民尊重身份认同演化而成的团结规则,从而践行其中衍生的养老互助义务。政策重点不仅需要强化身份认同及团结规则对农民参加互助养老的作用,还需要构建符合农村养老实践的村规民约,从而促进互助养老市场的发育。

Mutual support for the aged is an important measure to solve the problem of providing for the aged in rural areas.It is essentially expressed as a collective action,which is related to members'collective identity and solidarity rules.This paper constructs an analytical framework of “identity-solidarity rules-farm-ers'mutual pension decision-making”,and makes an empirical estimation using the data of “ thousand villages'survey”.The results show that:(1)Identity promotes farmers to pay more attention to collective inter-ests,which turns into the motivation for mutual assistance for the elderly.(2)The rules of solidarity play an intermediary role in the influence of identity on farmers'willingness to support each other for the elderly.(3)Economic differentiation expands the heterogeneity of farmers'endowments,leading to changes in the behavioral logic of mutual pension,that is,for farmers in the lower economic class,identity affects the rule of solidarity,so as to promote them to participate in mutual pension;for middle-level and upper-level farmers,identity is difficult to promote them to participate in mutual pension through the rule of solidarity.Further discussion found that village rules and regulations form mandatory and universal social norms,and urge middlelevel and upper-level farmers to respect the unity rules evolved from identity,so as to practice the derived obligations of mutual assistance for the elderly.The focus of the policy is not only to strengthen the role of identity and solidarity rules for farmers to participate in mutual assistance for the elderly,but also to build village rules and regulations that conform to the practice of rural elderly care,so as to promote the development of the mutual assistance elderly care market.