大型机床滚珠丝杠副温升与降温研究

Study on Temperature Rise and Temperature Drop of Ball Screw Pair of Large Machine Tool

针对滚珠丝杠副温升问题,分析丝杠温升主要来源,建立热力学理论模型。以某加工中心进给用滚珠丝杠副为研究对象,分析丝杠螺母副温升变化情况以及导致变化的原因。滚珠丝杠副在加工中心强切削的工况下,丝杠因热膨胀所引的轴向起位移约为1.8μm。设计螺旋式内冷结构丝杠,通过有限元分析比较丝杠空心式与螺旋式内冷结构的降温效果。结果表明:丝杠表面温度不是越低越好,而是越均匀越好;螺旋式内冷结构比空心式内冷结构径向温度分布更均衡,整体降温效果更加明显。

Aiming at the temperature rise of ball screw pair,the main sources of the temperature rise of ball screw were analyzed,and the thermodynamic theoretical model was established.Taking the ball screw pair used for feed in a machining center as the research object,the temperature rise of screw nut set and the reasons leading to the change were analyzed.The axial displacement of the ball screw caused by thermal expansion was about 1.8μm,when the machining center was in strong cutting condition.The spiral internal cooling structure screw was designed,and the cooling effects of hollow and spiral internal cooling structure were compared through finite element analysis.The results show that the lead screw surface temperature is not the lower the better,but the more uniform the better;the radial temperature distribution of spiral internal cooling structure is more balanced than that of hollow internal cooling structure,and the overall cooling effect is more obvious.