延安市老年人孤独感、社会支持与主观幸福感的关系研究

Study on the Relationship between Loneliness,Social Support and Subjective Well-being of the Elderly in Yan’an

为了解延安市宝塔区60岁以上老年人的晚年生活现状,采用UCLA孤独量表、社会支持评定量表和费城老年中心信心量表对680名老人进行测试。结果显示,年龄在80岁以上的主观幸福感(13.90±5.72)最低。有无子女、是否文盲及是否无业等因素都会影响老年人的主观幸福感。老年人的孤独感与社会支持(r=-0.58,P<0.01)、主观幸福感(r=-0.51,P<0.01)均为负相关,社会支持与主观幸福感(r=0.44,P<0.01)呈正相关,社会支持在孤独感与主观幸福感之间起到部分中介作用。要提升老年人的主观幸福感,一要降低老年人的孤独感,二要为老年人提供多方面的社会支持。

In order to understand the life of the old aged over 60 in Baota District of Yan’an,680 old people were tested by UCLA Loneliness Scale,Social Support Rating Scale and Philadelphia Senior Center Confidence Scale.The results showed that people aged over 80 had the lowest subjective well-being(13.90±5.72).Children,illiteracy,unemployment were the factors that affected the subjectrive well-being of the old.Loneliness of the old was negatively correlated with social support(r=-0.58,P<0.01)and subjective well-being(r=-0.51,P<0.01).Social support was positively correlated with subjective well-being(r=0.44,P<0.01),and partially mediated the relationship between loneliness and subjective well-being.To improve the subjective well-being of the old,it is necessary to reduce their loneliness and provide various social supports.