小鼠碳酸二甲酯亚急性吸入毒性研究

Subacute Inhalation Toxicity of Dimethyl Carbonate in Mice

目的:探讨碳酸二甲酯亚急性吸入的毒性作用和靶器官。方法:观察小鼠吸入染毒活动状况,记录心电图变化;实验结束后检测血液学指标,计算脑、肺、心、肝、脾、肾、卵巢/睾丸等脏器质量指数,观察上述脏器解剖学及病理学变化。结果:小鼠染毒后出现痉挛、烦躁不安、心电图异常等中毒反应,LD_(50)为11.117 9×10^(-4) g/cm^(3);肺、心、肝、肾脏器系数及血液中肌酸激酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性升高,心肌肌钙蛋白I、总胆红素、总蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐、白细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞数目明显增加(均P<0.05);红细胞、血小板、中性粒细胞数目和血红蛋白含量明显降低(均P<0.05),肺、心、肝、小肠和肾组织出现了严重受损。结论:碳酸二甲酯亚急性吸入具有较强的毒性,可引起小鼠心电图、血液学指标异常,可致肺、心、肝、小肠和肾脏出现器质性病变。

Objective:To study the toxic effects and target organs of subacute inhalation of dimethyl carbonate.Methods:The activity of mice exposed to inhalation was observed and the changes of ECG were recorded.After the experiment,blood samples were taken and blood indexes were detected.The organ quality indexes of brain,lung,heart,liver,spleen,kidney,ovary/testis and other organs were calculated,and the anatomical and pathological changes of the above organs were evaluated.Results:After inhalation of dimethyl carbonate,the mice developed convulsions,restlessness,abnormal ECG and other toxic reactions.LD_(50) was 11.117 9×10^(-4 )g/cm^(3).The organ coefficients of lung,heart,liver and kidney were increased(all P<0.05).The activities of creatine kinase isoenzyme,lactate dehydrogenase,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were enhanced(all P<0.05).The contents of cardiac troponin I,total bilirubin,total protein,urea nitrogen and creatinine,and the number of leukocytes,lymphocytes,eosinophils,basophils and monocytes were significantly elevated(all P<0.05).The number of red blood cells,platelets,neutrophils and the content of hemoglobin in blood were significantly decreased(all P<0.05).The lung,heart,liver,small intestine and kidney tissues were seriously damaged.Conclusion:Inhalation of dimethyl carbonate has strong toxicity,which could cause abnormal changes in ECG and blood indexes,lead to organic lesions in lung,small intestine,heart,liver and kidney.