摘要
为了缓解由于机动车保有量过快增长而造成的大中型城市交通拥堵及停车供需失衡问题,依据泊位共享的理念充分挖掘可利用停车资源成为了一种新方案。由于在不同模式下泊位共享服务方式的适用性不同且泊位共享具有严格的时间窗约束、排他性及唯一性特征,使得共享泊位资源在实际应用中难以得到高效利用。以闲置时间利用率最大化为目标,将泊位划分为固定泊位及非固定泊位,分别建立相应的共享泊位配置优化方法。首先对于非固定泊位,在构建时间序列模型动态预测停车需求的前提下,以驾驶员15 min最大寻泊可接受时间内车辆净增量为预留泊位值,进而确定共享泊位配置模型;其次,对于固定泊位则考虑共享请求在随机非预约和预约模式两种情形下的区别,前者以单个泊位闲置时间利用率最大为目标构建共享泊位配置模型,而后者则采用最大匹配规则树理论探讨系统闲置时间利用率最大化的泊位共享配置模型。最后以数值实验论证泊位共享可有效提高泊位利用率和周转率,结果表明预约共享模式相对于非预约模式可以将泊位空闲利用率提高12.9%。
Fully investigating available parking resources based on the concepts of shared parking has emerged as a new solution,in order to alleviate the problems of traffic congestion and imbalances between parking supply and demand in mega cities caused by the excessive growth of motor vehicle ownership.Yet,the resources of shared parking cannot be efficiently utilized in real applications duro different applicability of shared parking service methods under different modes and the strict time window constraints,exclusivity and uniqueness of shared parking.The goal of utilizing rate of idle time was maximized,in addition,the parking spaces were divided into fixed and non-fixed spaces,thence shared parking configuration optimization methods were established correspondingly.Firstly,for non-fixed parking spaces,under the conditions of constructing a time series model to dynamically predict the parking demand,the net increase of the vehicle within the maximum acceptable time of 15 minutes for the driver as the reserved berth value was used to determine the shared berth configuration model.Secondly,for fixed berths,the differences between sharing requests in random non-reservation and reservation modes were distinguished,maximizing the utilization of a single parking space’s idle time to build a shard parking configuration model was aimed for the former one,while the maximum matching rules tree theory was used for the latter one to discuss the shared parking configuration model pfmaximizing the system’s idle time.Finally,numerical experiments were used to demonstrate that shared parking can effectively increase the utilization and turnover rate of parking spaces.Reserved sharing mode can increase the idle utilization rate of berths by 12.9%compared with the non-reservation mode is indicated from the results.
作者
戴冀峰
冉越
孙展
周晨静
DAI Ji-feng;RAN Yue;SUN Zhan;ZHOU Chen-jing(Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;China Railway Special Cargo Services Co., Ltd., Beijing 100055, China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2021年第27期11820-11827,共8页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(5170080357)。
关键词
泊位共享
停车需求预测
时间匹配
泊位特性
shared parking
parking demand forecast
matching time
parking characteristics