陕西省大气污染动态演变规律及空间分布

Dynamic Evolution and Spatial Distribution of Air Pollution in Shaanxi Province

为积极响应国家打赢污染防治攻坚战的号召,分析大气污染的动态演变规律,利用空间统计学和马尔科夫链,探析陕西省各市区PM_(2.5)污染的空间分布及其动态演变规律。分析表明,采暖期的污染较非采暖期严峻,各市污染物呈现初春高,夏秋较低,冬季最高的不规则“U”形变化规律。空间分布显示关中地区污染较重,特别是西安、咸阳与渭南,陕南地区空气质量最好,商洛与安康的空气质量优于其他城市,且不同地区PM_(2.5)浓度存在显著的空间自相关性。动态演变规律表明,PM_(2.5)浓度转移状态不仅与地区自身浓度相关,还受相邻区域浓度影响,浓度等级越高,向上转移的概率越大,整体上呈现以咸阳为发散点,由高浓度依次向高浓度、较高浓度、较低浓度以及低浓度转移态势。研究结果可为提高大气环境质量、区域间进行联防联控提供理论依据。

In order to actively respond to the country's call to win the battle against pollution,and analyze the dynamic evolution of air pollution,the spatial statistics and Markov chains were used to analyze the spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of PM_(2.5) pollution in various urban areas in Shaanxi Province.The study shows that the pollution during the Heating period is more severe than that during the non-heating period.Pollutants in each city are higher in early spring,lower in summer and autumn,and the highest irregular“U”pattern in winter.The spatial distribution shows that the Guanzhong area is heavily polluted,especially in Xi'an,Xianyang and Weinan.The air quality in southern Shaanxi is the best.The air quality in Shangluo and Ankang is better than other cities,and there is a significant spatial autocorrelation of PM_(2.5) concentrations in different regions.The dynamic evolution law shows that the transfer state of PM_(2.5) concentration is not only related to the concentration of the region itself,but also affected by the concentration of the neighboring regions.The higher the concentration level is,the greater the probability of upward transfer will be.As a whole,it appears that Xianyang is the divergence point.The concentration shifts to high concentration,higher concentration,lower concentration and low concentration in turn.The research provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of the atmosphere and conducting joint prevention and control.