3种诱食剂对斑点叉尾鮰生长和生理的影响

Effects of Three Feeding Agents on Growth and Physiology of Channel Catfish(Ietalurus Punetaus)

为了研究氧化三甲胺(Trimethylamine N-oxide,TMAO)、二甲基-β-丙酸噻亭(Dimeth yl-β-propiothetine,DMPT)和酶解乌贼粉(Enzymatic Squid Powder,ESP)3种诱食剂对斑点叉尾鮰(Ietalurus Punetaus,1818)的鱼体成分、生长速度、血清生化指标以及抗氧化能力的影响。饲喂基础饲料的组别设为对照组(C组);在基础饲料中添加TMAO诱食剂的设为T组,添加量梯度为0.05%(T1)、0.10%(T2)、0.15%(T3)和0.20%(T4);基础饲料中添加DMPT诱食剂的设为D组,添加量梯度为0.01%(D1)、0.02%(D2)、0.03%(D3)和0.04%(D4);基础饲料中添加ESP诱食剂的设为E组,添加量梯度为0.3%(E1)、0.5%(E2)、0.7%(E3)和0.9%(E4),进行为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明:①与C组比较,各试验组的斑点叉尾鮰鱼体水分及干物质中粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)含量和灰分(Ash)含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。②与C组比较,E1的特定生长率(SGR)上升8.43%(P>0.05);T组中T4的饲料系数(FCR)升高了17.65%(P<0.05),D组中的D4的FCR升高了16.81%(P<0.05);T组的T3、T4及D组和E组的肥满度(CF)均显著下降(P<0.05);T组的T1、T3和T4的脏体比(VSI)显著下降(P<0.05),且D组的D2、D3和D4及E组的E1、E3和E4亦是如此(P<0.05)。③与C组比较,T、D组和E组斑点叉尾鮰血清的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLOB)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、胆固醇(CHOL)和三酰甘油(TG)无显著性差异(P>0.05);D4和E4的高密度脂蛋白(HDL)显著提高(P<0.05),E1的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)显著性提高(P<0.05)。④与C组比较,E组中E3、E4的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性存在显著性差异(P<0.05);T组T1、T2、T3和T4的斑点叉尾鮰血清丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著下降(P<0.05);D组的D1、D2和D4及E组的E2和E3亦是如此(P<0.05)。综上所述,3种诱食剂能不同程度的提高斑点叉尾鮰的摄食量,提高机体的免疫力和抗氧化能力,进而促进其生长。斑点叉尾鮰饲料中TMAO、DMPT和ESP的适宜添加量分别为0.10%、0.04%和0.3%。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of three kinds of food attractants,such as tri methylamine oxide(TMAO),dimethyl-β-propionate(DMPT)and enzymatic squid powder(ESP)on the fish body composition,growth rate,and serum biochemical indicators and the impact of antioxidant capacity of channel catfish.The group fed with basal feed was set as the control group(group C);the group with TMAO feed attractant added to the basal feed was set as group T,and the addition amount gradient was 0.05%(T1),0.10%(T2),0.15%(T3)and 0.20%(T4);the DMPT feed attractant added to the basic feed was set as group D,and the addi tion gradient was 0.01%(D1),0.02%(D2),0.03%(D3)and 0.04%(D4);the ESP added to the basic feed was set as group E,and the addition gradient was 0.3%(E1),0.5%(E2),0.7%(E3)and 0.9%(E4),and carried out an 8-week feeding experiment.The results showed as the followings:①Compared with group C,there was no significant difference in the contents of crude protein(CP),ether extract(EE)and ash(Ash)in the body water and dry matter of channel catfish in each test group(P>0.05).②Compared with group C,the specific growth rate(SGR)of E1 increased by 8.43%(P>0.05);the feed coefficient(FCR)of T4 in the T group increased by 17.65%(P<0.05),and the FCR of D4 in the group D increased by 16.81%(P<0.05);the fatness(CF)of T3,T4,D and E groups all decreased significantly(P<0.05);VSI of T1,T3 and T4 in group T significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the same was true for D2,D3 and D4 in group D and E1,E3 and E4 in group E(P<0.05).③Compared with group C,there was no significant difference in the total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),globulin(GLOB),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),as partate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),cholesterol(CHOL)and triglycerides(TG)in the serum of channel catfish in groups T,D and E(P>0.05).The high-density lipoprotein(HDL)of D4 and E4 was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the low-density lipoprotein(LDL)of E1 was significant ly increased(P<0.05).④Compared with group C,there were significant differences in the superoxide dismutase(SOD)of E3 and E4 in the group E(P>0.05);the serum levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the channel catfish of T1,T2,T3 and T4 in group T decreased significantly(P<0.05);the same was true for D1,D2 and D4 in group D and E2 and E3 in group E(P<0.05).It was concluded that the three kinds of food attractants could increase the food intake of channel catfish to varying degrees,improve the body's immunity and antioxidant capacity,and then promote its growth.The appropriate addition levels of TMAO,DMPT and ESP in channel catfish feed were 0.1%,0.04%and 0.3%,respectively.