人工智能发明成果的专利保护困境与出路--基于洛克“劳动财产论”的视角

On Difficulties and Solutions of Patent Protection of Artificial Intelligence Inventions——From the Perspective of Labor Propert Theory

人工智能革命使“人机合作”生成技术方案成为可能,从洛克“劳动财产论”出发,人工智能发明成果的专利法保护面临困境:基于“共有”理论,人工智能发明成果的可专利性受到挑战,应对新颖性、创造性等判断标准的相关要素进行调整;基于“劳动”理论,人工智能发明成果的权利主体地位存疑,应建立以人工智能为发明人、以使用者为权利人的二元权利归属体系;基于“需求”理论,人工智能或将加重专利权滥用的风险,应从“充分利用”和“足够保留”两个角度对专利法各环节进行改造,实现权利人与社会公众的利益平衡。

The revolution of artificial intelligence makes it possible for AI to complete inventions.Starting from Locke's labor property theory,the patent law protection of AI inventions face difficulties.Based on the“common”theory,the patentability of AI inventions is challenged,and criteria of novelty,creativity and others should be adjusted.Based on the“labor”theory,there are doubts about the subject status of AI inventions,and a dual right ownership system should be established with AI as the inventor and user as the obligee.Based on the“demand”theory,AI may increase the risk of abuse of patent rights.We should reform the patent law from the perspective of“full use”and“sufficient retention”,so as to achieve the balance of interests between the obligee and the public.