不同腐熟剂处理后番茄秸秆和土壤配比对番茄产量的影响

Effect of the ratio of tomato straw and soil on tomato yield after treatment with different ripening agents

为了研究不同腐熟剂发酵后,番茄秸秆的微生物群落组成、理化性质及与土壤不同配比对下茬番茄生长及产量等的影响,本研究进行了5个处理的(3种腐熟剂、1个空白对照腐熟的番茄秸秆和1个土壤样品,即A、B、C、D、E)高通量测序分析,然后将4种腐熟的番茄秸秆与土壤按1∶0、2∶1、1∶1 3种比例混匀作为基质(即A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3、C1、C2、C3、D1、D2、D3、E)种植秋茬番茄。结果表明,不同处理中细菌的Chao1、Ace、Shannon和Simpson指数均高于真菌中;细菌中的优势菌目主要是芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales)、β变形杆菌目(Betaproteobacteriales)、根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)、黄单胞菌目(Xanthomonadales)、微球菌目(Micrococcales)、海洋螺菌目(Oceanospirillales),真菌中的优势菌目主要是粪壳菌目(Sordariales)、伞菌目(Agaricales)、球孢霉目(Glomerellales)、散囊菌目(Eurotiales)、肉座菌目(Hypocreales);微生物相似性分析中,土壤样品中的细菌和真菌均单独为一个分支,C和D的细菌和真菌均聚为一个分支。处理B的各元素含量均较高,处理E均最低。秋茬番茄13个处理中,A2的株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量及产量均较高,田间表现最好,因此EM菌剂发酵秸秆并与土壤2∶1作为基质的条件下,植株产量最高。

In order to study the effects of the microbial community composition, physicochemical properties and different ratios of tomato straw with soil on the growth and yield of the next round of harvested tomatoes after fermentation with different composting agents, this study carried out high-throughput sequencing analysis of 5 treatments(3 composting agents, 1 blank control decomposed tomato stalks and 1 soil sample, namely A, B, C, D, E), and then the 4 types of decomposed tomato stalks and soil were mixed as the substrate according to the ratio of 1 ∶ 0, 2 ∶ 1, and 1 ∶ 1(ie A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, D1, D2, D3, E) to plant autumn tomatoes. The results showed that Chao1, Ace, Shannon, and Simpson indexes of bacteria in different treatments were higher than those of fungi. The dominant bacteria were Bacillales, Betaproteobacteriales, Rhizobiales, Xanthomonadales, Micrococcales, and Oceanospirillales, and the dominant fungi were mainly Sordariales, Agaricales, Glomerellales, Eurotiales, and Hypocreales. In the analysis of microbial similarity, the bacteria and fungi in the soil sample were all in a single branch, and the bacteria and fungi of C and D were both gathered into a branch. The contents of each element in the treatment B were higher, and the lowest in the treatment E. Among the 13 treatments of autumn tomatoes, the plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content and yield of A2 were all higher, and the field performance was the best. Therefore, under the condition of EM fermentation straw and the ratio of 2 ∶ 1 with soil, the plant got the highest yield.