社区居家养老服务体系建设背景下养老服务供给与老年人幸福感提升

Service Supply and Improvement of Older People’s Well-being Under Development of the Community-based Home Care System

使用2019年"中国老龄化和养老工作调查"数据,利用定序逻辑回归和倾向性得分匹配方法,分析养老服务对老年人幸福感的影响。结果显示:我国居家养老服务供需失衡情况仍然突出,供不应求是主要特征;老年人对提高型服务需求更大,但供给不足也更严重,对生存型服务需求较小,但供大于求问题需要引起注意;老年人附近的养老服务供给数量越多,他们的幸福感越强,提高型服务更能显著提升他们的幸福感,生存型服务对其幸福感没有显著影响。老年人不同需求及其与服务供给的匹配程度是影响其幸福感的主要因素。应重视保障特困老年人生存型服务供给,加强发挥提高型服务对老年人幸福感的提升作用,鼓励多元主体提供服务,培育市场动力,增强老年人对养老服务的需求黏性。

Using Ordered Logistic Regression and Propensity Score Matching, this paper analyzed the impact of elderly care service on the well-being of the elderly based on data from the 2019 " Survey on China’s Population Aging and Eldercare Work". Results show that the imbalance between service supply and demand is still prominent, and the main problem is insufficient supply. Besides, the elderly have a more urgent demand for advanced care service,the supply shortage of which is more serious. Their demand for basic care service is weak, but enough attention should be paid to the problem of oversupply. The more service supply near them, the stronger their sense of well-being. Advanced care service can significantly increase the well-being of older adults, whereas basic care service has no marked impact. The degree of matching between older people’s care demand and service provision is the main factor that influences their well-being. In this regard, we need to place an emphasis on the provision of basic care service for poverty-stricken elders, improve the well-being of general older adults by developing advanced care, encourage multiple players to provide care service, and foster market dynamics to enhance the stickiness of the elderly in terms of care demand.