特殊浸润性纳米纤维膜材料在油水分离中的研究进展

Research progress in special wettable nanofibrous membranes for oil/water separation

油水混合物经过分离后再处理,不仅可以实现油、水资源的重复利用,还能有效避免由于直接排放所造成的环境污染问题,因此研究用于分离油水混合物的材料对于节约资源和保护环境就显得尤为重要。其中,特殊浸润性纳米纤维膜材料具有超疏水/超亲油或超亲水/超疏油等特性,这使其在油水分离的应用研究中得到广泛关注。基于此,本文对特殊浸润性纳米纤维膜材料在油水分离领域的研究现状和应用进行了综述。介绍了特殊浸润性材料的基础理论和电纺纳米纤维膜的应用,归纳并总结了特殊浸润性纳米纤维膜材料在油水分离领域中的研究进展,最后指出在油水分离过程中,特殊浸润性纳米纤维膜上精细的微观结构很容易受到机械损坏和化学污染,这极大地限制了其在油水分离中的应用,同时对于研究出结构稳定、耐酸碱、并且可大规模生产的高效分离性能的特殊浸润性纳米纤维膜材料进行了展望。

The oil/water mixture is sepearated and then treated,it can not only realize the reuse of oil and water resources,but also effectively avoid the environmental pollution caused by directly discharging.Therefore,it is particularly important to do research on the materials,which is used to separate the oil/water mixture for saving resources and protecting the environment.Among them,the special wettable nanofiber membranes with superhydrophobic/superoleophilic or superhydrophilic/superoleophobic have attracted substantial attention in the application research of oil/water separation.In this review,the theoretical basis of special wettability and the applications of electrospinning nanofiber membranes were described.The research progress of special wettable nanofiber membrane materials in oil/water separation field was summarized.Finally,it was pointed out that in the oil-water separation process,the fine microstructure on the special wettability nanofiber membranes is easily damaged by mechanical damage and chemical pollution,which greatly limits its applications in oil-water separation.At the same time,the future of the special wettable nanofiber membrane materials was briefly discussed.