密度及行距配置对‘丰油10号’生长发育、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Planting Density and Row Spacing on Growth, Yield and Seed Quality of Brassica napus(Fengyou 10)

为了探究‘丰油10号’在黄淮地区适宜的播种密度与行距配置。在河南省油菜主产区进行大田试验,比较不同种植密度及行距配置方式下,‘丰油10号’的物候期、叶片叶色值(specialty products agricultural division,SPAD)及开花期叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、经济性状、产量和品质情况。结果表明:‘丰油10号’的生育期随着密度和行距的增大,逐渐缩短;叶片的SPAD值在蕾薹期和开花期随密度增大逐渐降低,随行距缩小而减小;植株LAI在开花期随着密度的增大先增后减,同一密度下,40 cm行距下较高;株高、一次有效分枝数、主花序的长度和角果数随密度的增加逐渐较小,分枝部位则升高,随行距的减小单株有效角果数下降,千粒重不受密度和行距配置的影响;籽粒产量和含油量随着种植密度的增加先增后减,籽粒产量在种植密度为42万株/hm^(2),40 cm行距下最高,为2734.6 kg/hm^(2),当行距缩小到20 cm,籽粒平均减产4.65%;籽粒芥酸和硫苷含量不随密度和行距改变发生变化。在其它栽培措施保持不变的情况下,建议‘丰油10号’在黄淮流域的种植密度控制在34.5万~49.5万株/hm^(2),行距设置为40 cm。

To explore the suitable planting density and row spacing of the hybrid rapeseed‘Fengyou10’in Huanghuai area,a field experiment was conducted in the main rapeseed producing areas in Henan Province to compare the variety’s phenophases,SPAD value of leaves,leaf area index at flowering stage,economic characters,and yield and quality in different planting densities and row spacing arrangements.The results showed that the growth period of‘Fengyou10’was gradually shortened with the increase of density and row spacing.The SPAD value of leaves decreased gradually with the increase of density and the decrease of trailing distance in the bolting stage and flowering stage.The LAI of the plant increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of the density in the flowering stage.Under the same density,the LAI was higher in the row spacing of 40 cm.The plant height,the number of primary effective branches,the length of main inflorescence and the number of siliques were gradually smaller with the increase in density,while the branch position was increased,and the effective number of siliques per plant was decreased with the decrease of the traveling distance.The1000-grain weight was not affected by the density and the arrangement of row spacing.The grain yield and oil content increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of planting density.The grain yield was the highest under the planting density of 420000 plants/hm^(2)and 40 cm row spacing,which was 2734.6 kg/hm^(2).When the row spacing was reduced to 20 cm,the average grain yield decreased by 4.65%.The contents of erucic acid and glucosinolate in grains did not change with the changes of density and row spacing.Under the condition that other cultivation measures remain unchanged,it is suggested that the planting density of‘Fengyou10’should be controlled within the range of 345,000-495,000 plants/hm^(2)and the row spacing should be set at 40cm in Huanghuai area.