不同特异性免疫疗法对尘螨过敏哮喘患儿的效果及安全性分析

Efficacy and Safety of Different Specific Immunotherapy in Children with Dust Mite Allergic Asthma

目的:探讨不同特异性免疫疗法对尘螨过敏哮喘患儿效果及安全性。方法:选取2019年3月-2020年3月于笔者所在医院就诊的96例尘螨过敏哮喘患儿,按照随机数字表法将其分为研究组(n=48)与对照组(n=48)。对照组予以标准化尘螨变应原疫苗皮下免疫疗法(SCIT),研究组予以标准化尘螨变应原滴剂舌下免疫疗法(SLIT)。比较两组临床控制情况、肺功能、日间与夜间症状及不良反应。结果:治疗6个月、1年,两组临床控制率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗6个月、1年,两组FEV1/FVC和PEF%比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗6个月、1年,两组日间和夜间症状评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗1年,研究组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:尘螨过敏哮喘患儿应用SCIT、SLIT均具有确切的疗效与良好的安全性,临床疗效相近,但SLIT安全性更佳。

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of different specific immunotherapy in children with dust mite allergic asthma.Method:A total of 96 children with dust mite allergic asthma treated in our hospital from March 2019 to March 2020 were selected and divided into the study group (n=48) and the control group (n=48) according to random number table method.The control group was given standardized dust mite allergen vaccine subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT),and the study group was given standardized dust mite allergen drops sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT).The clinical control,lung function,daytime and nighttime symptoms and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Result:After 6 months and 1 year of treatment,there were no significant differences in clinical control rate between the two groups (P>0.05).After 6 months and 1 year of treatment,there were no significant differences in FEV1/FVC and PEF% between the two groups (P>0.05).After 6 months and 1 year of treatment,there were no significant difference in daytime and nighttime symptoms scores between the two groups (P>0.05).After 1 year of treatment,the incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:Both SCIT and SLIT in children with dust mite allergic asthma has exact curative effect and good safety,and the clinical curative effect is similar,but the safety of SLIT is better.