儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停治疗进展

The treatment progress of obstructive sleep apnea in children

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是指在睡眠过程中频繁发生的部分或全部上气道阻塞,扰乱正常睡眠通气与睡眠结构,导致患儿长期夜间睡眠低氧、高碳酸血症,并引发一系列病理生理变化,引起儿童生长发育迟缓、行为认知障碍、记忆力和智力下降[1],主要表现为睡眠打鼾、憋气、张口呼吸等,发病率较高(1.2%~5.7%)[1-3],危害性大,所以对于儿童OSA的积极干预尤为重要。

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is a common disease in otolaryngology in children, and its incidence rate is increasing gradually, which seriously endangers children’s growth and development, behavior cognition and so on. There are many etiologies of OSA in children. Besides tonsil hypertrophy and/or adenoid hypertrophy, the most common one, there are many different levels of airway obstruction caused by inflammation, dysplasia, obesity and other reasons. Different individualized treatment plan should be taken according to different etiology. This paper summarizes the different treatment methods of children OSA.