席勒与审美现代性的发生--基于时间性问题的考察

Schiller and the Occurrence of Aesthetic Modernity: An Investigation Based on the Problem of Time

社会现代性建立在既向往过去又面向未来的时间观中。在社会可测量的钟表时间与个体生命时间的对立与冲突下,现代性时间分裂为线性时间和审美时间。审美的时间性包括个体内心体验的此刻性与社会历史的螺旋上升。近代以来,审美现代性仿佛与时间绾合成一种“革命性结盟”。如果说启蒙现代性是一种追求线性时间与科学的理性力量,那么审美现代性就是对其的反叛,时刻提醒着时间的“感性”。在对启蒙现代性的反思中,席勒对时间性问题作出了独特的阐述。席勒既承认线性时间的存在,其又具有强烈的“向后看”时间、循环时间、游戏时间和断裂的绵延时间意识,并在时间意识中展开审美现代性批判。

Social modernity is based on the view of time that both yearns for the past and faces the future.Under the opposition and conflict between socially measurable clock time and physical life time,modern time splits into linear time and aesthetic time.The temporality of aesthetic appreciation includes the momentary nature of individual inner experience and the spiral of social history.Since modern times,aesthetic modernity seems to be in a revolutionary alliance with time.If enlightenment modernity is a rational force that pursues linear time and science,then aesthetic modernity is a rebellion against it,reminding the“sensibility”of time.In his reflection on the enlightenment modernity,Schiller has made a unique exposition on the temporality.Schiller not only acknowledged the existence of linear time,but also had a strong consciousness of“looking backward”time,circular time,game time and fractured duration time,in which he made a critique of aesthetic modernity.