2019年黄河流域棉区中熟常规组区域试验(运城点)结果分析

Analysis on the Results of Regional Test of Medium Maturity Conventional Group in Yuncheng Pilot Projects of Cotton Area of the Yellow River Basin in 2019

利用多年多点的国家品种区域试验对棉花新品种的主要特征特性进行鉴定,可为国家棉花品种的审定和推广提供科学依据。按照《2019年国家棉花试验实施方案》的要求,在山西省农业科学院棉花研究所开展黄河流域棉区中熟常规组区域试验,以中棉所100为对照品种(CK),对11个参试品种的农艺性状、产量性状、抗病性进行分析与评价。结果表明:在农艺性状方面,参试品种除单株铃数(14.4~19.1个)变幅较大外,其他指标均变幅较小,其中单株果枝数为13.4~14.7台,株高为78.9~99.3 cm,单铃重为4.8~6.5 g,株型均符合黄河流域棉区中熟常规组种植要求;在产量性状方面,参试品种的霜前花率为84.3%~95.2%、衣分为35.9%~43.5%,皮棉产量有5个品种(QHA02、QHA04、QHA05、QHA06和QHA08,1852.5~2091.5 kg/hm^(2))高于对照(增产率1.04%~14.00%),其中QHA06皮棉产量最高且与CK差异达到了极显著水平;在抗病性方面,参试品种均高抗枯萎病和黄萎病,尤其是QHA01、QHA02和QHA06对枯萎病抗性达到了免疫水平。综合分析认为,QHA02、QHA04、QHA05、QHA06和QHA08结铃性强、抗病性好、衣分高、皮棉较对照增产,适宜在运城地区示范种植,其中QHA06综合性状最好;其他参试品种均不适宜在运城地区种植。

The identification of the main characteristics of new cotton varieties by many years and multi-point national variety regional trials can provide a scientific basis for the approval and popularization of cotton varieties.According to the requirements of the Implementation Plan of the National Cotton Test in 2019,the regional test of medium maturity conventional group in cotton area of the Yellow River Basin was carried out in the Cotton Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Taking Zhongmiansuo 100 as the control(CK),the agronomic characters,yield characters and disease resistance of 11 tested varieties were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that in terms of agronomic characters,except for the large variation of boll number per plant(14.4-19.1),other indexes of the tested varieties had a small variation,in which the number of fruit branches per plant was 13.4-14.7,the plant height was 78.9-99.3 cm,the single boll weight was 4.8-6.5 g,and the plant types met the planting requirements of medium mature conventional group in cotton area of the Yellow River Basin.In terms of yield characters,the pre frost flowering rate of the tested varieties was 84.3%-95.2%,and the lint percent was 35.9%-43.5%.The lint yield of five varieties(QHA02、QHA04、QHA05、QHA06和QHA08,1852.5-2091.5 kg/hm^(2))was higher than that of the control(the yield increase rate was 1.04%-14.00%),among which QHA06 had the highest lint yield and the difference between QHA06 and CK reached a very significant level.In terms of disease resistance,the tested varieties were highly resistant to Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt,especially QHA01,QHA02 and QHA06.Comprehensive analysis showed that QHA02,QHA04,QHA05,QHA06 and QHA08 had strong boll setting,good disease resistance,high lint percentage and increased lint yield compared with the control.They were suitable for demonstration planting in Yuncheng area,among which QHA06 had the best comprehensive characters,while other tested varieties were not suitable for planting in Yuncheng.