‘金荷’杏一年生枝的修剪反应

Pruning Responses of Annual Branches of‘Jinhe’Apricot

探究‘金荷’杏一年生发育枝对不同程度修剪的生长反应,可为其推广和生产提供一定的信息参考。选择7 a生‘金荷’3种类型(壮枝、中庸枝、弱枝)的一年生发育枝,在休眠期进行缓放以及不同程度(轻度、中度、重度)的短截处理,观察枝条的修剪反应。结果表明:在缓放处理中,中庸枝表现最好,新生的各类枝组比例最为协调。随着短截程度的加重,壮枝的萌芽率逐渐升高,中庸枝的萌芽率呈略微先升高后降低的变化,弱枝的萌芽率逐渐降低;3类枝的成枝率均显著升高,花束状枝率均显著降低。缓放和轻度短截有利于‘金荷’杏多发短枝,促进成花和结果。轻度和中度短截能增加新生枝的长度和生长总量;重度短截可刺激新生枝长度生长,但会导致将其生长总量降低。因此,缓放和轻度短截能促花促果,轻度和中度短截有利于扩大树冠,重度短截适宜老树和弱枝的更新复壮。

To explore the pruning responses of annual branches of‘Jinhe’apricot to different degrees of pruning can provide some reference for its popularization and production.Three types of annual developmental branches of 7-year-old‘Jinhe’were selected strong branch,medium branch and weak branch.They were treated with cutting back in varying degrees during the dormant period to observe the pruning response.The results showed that the medium branch performed the best with non-pruning treatment,and the proportion of new developed branches was the most harmonious.With the aggravation of cutting back degree,the germination rate of strong branch increased successively,that of the medium branches increased slightly and then decreased,while that of the weak branches decreased successively.The branching rate of all three kinds of branches increased significantly,and the bunch-like branch rate decreased significantly.Non-pruning and light cutting back are beneficial for‘Jinhe’apricot to form more short branches and promote flowering and fruiting.Light and moderate cutting back can increase the length and total growth of new shoots,while severe cutting back can increase the length of new shoots but significantly reduce the total growth of new shoots.Therefore,non-pruning and light cutting back can promote flowering and fruiting,light and medium cutting back is beneficial to crown enlargement,and severe cutting back is suitable for the renewal and rejuvenation of old trees and weak branches.