FTA数据跨境流动规制的三种例外选择适用

Selected Application of Three Exceptions to Cross-Border Data Flows Under FTA Regulation

如同世界贸易组织协定,大多数自由贸易协定都设有安全例外条款,这些条款与一般例外条款及电子商务或数字贸易章节中的数据跨境流动限制条款一道形成了对数据跨境流动的限制依据。特别是国家安全例外规定,对数据的跨境流动有可能形成较大限制。国家安全例外中的"信息",若包括个人信息,则有可能对数据跨境流动产生较大影响。此外,在电子商务或数字贸易章节中本身就有例外条款的前提下,再有一般例外和安全例外的选择适用,就会对数据跨境流动产生更大限制效果。

Like the WTO Agreements, most free trade agreements have security exceptions. And these clauses, together with general exceptions clauses and restrictions clauses on cross-border data flows in the chapters of e-commerce or digital trade, form the basis for restricting cross-border flow of data. In particular, national security exceptions may impose greater restrictions on the cross-border flow of data. If the "information" in the national security exception includes personal information, it may have a greater impact on the cross-border flow of data. In addition, under the premise that there are exceptions in the chapters of e-commerce or digital trade, the selected application of general exceptions and security exceptions will have a greater restrictive effect on the cross-border flow of data.