社会利益与诈骗罪的认定

Social Interests and Identification of the Crime of Fraud

违反《民法典》所规定的诚信原则、守法与公序良俗原则,或者是损害抽象的社会秩序、一般的公共利益的行为,都不足以奠定诈骗罪的处罚基础。诈骗罪是侵害个人法益犯罪中的财产犯罪,只有欺诈行为导致他人财产损害的,才可能构成该罪。骗取不法原因给付物的场合应该肯定诈骗罪,通过欺骗手段逃避税款的场合因特别法条的存在而不按照诈骗罪处理,以欺骗方式谋得公职或其他职位的,因难以肯定财产损害而一般不成立诈骗罪。在经济财产说和刑法独立性思想下理解诈骗罪的成立范围具有重要意义;同时,在理解诈骗罪的法益侵害时,不应忽视其"欺诈犯罪"的属性,尽管与社会秩序、社会信赖等抽象内容无关,但诈骗罪的保护法益中存在体现其欺诈特性的内容,值得挖掘。

Violation of the principles of good faith, legality and public order and good customs stipulated in the Civil Code, or acts that damage the abstract social order or general public interests, are not sufficient to be the punishment basis of the crime of fraud. The crime of fraud is a property crime which violates personal legal interests. Only if the fraud causes damage to the property of others can the act constitue crime. The act of deceiving payment for illegal reasons commits the crime of fraud. The act of evading taxes by deception is not fraud because of the existence of special articles.The act of obtaining public office or other positions by deception is generally not guilty of fraud because it is difficult to identify property damages. It is of great significance to understand the scope of the crime of fraud with the help of economic assets theory and the idea of independence of criminal law.At the same time, deception as the essence of the crime of fraud should not be ignored when understanding the infringement of legal interests of the crime of fraud. Although the legal interests of the crime of fraud has nothing to do with abstract contents such as social order and social trust, it still has content that embodies its deceptive characteristics, which is worth exploring.