经验法则的刑事适用模式:表述、样态与程序指引

The Criminal Application Mode of the Experience Rule: Presentation, Pattern and Procedural Guidance

刑事司法领域中经验法则的适用对于事实认定发挥着重要作用。刑事诉讼中为保障经验法则的实体功能发挥,需要对其程序价值展开探讨。以法院裁判文书为考察样本,实证分析发现,经验法则的刑事适用模式存在三种异化样态:公诉方少用、审判方慎用和辩护方误用。从理念层面观察,这与证据分布样态下的距离偏差、裁判文书制作中的说理缺失和有效辩护语境里的目标异化不无关系。聚焦经验法则刑事程序价值,从实质对等、论证公开以及程序制裁等价值资源中汲取营养,进而激活经验法则刑事适用模式持续发展因子并努力抵近司法公正。

The application of experience rule in criminal judicial activities plays an important role in fact finding. In order to ensure the substantive function of empirical rule in criminal procedure, it is necessary to explore its procedural values. Taking court judgement documents as sample, the empirical analysis shows that there are three kinds of alienation in the criminal application of the experience rule: the prosecution uses less, the trial party uses it with caution and the defense abuses it. From the perspective of concept, this is related to the distance deviation in the distribution of evidence, the absence of reasoning in the making of judgment documents and the objective alienation in the context of effective defense. Focusing on the values of criminal procedure of empirical rule, drawing nutrition from the value resources such as substantive equivalence, public argument and procedural sanction, and then activating the sustainable development factor of the criminal application mode of empirical rule and making efforts to achieve judicial justice.