跨境电子数据取证的困境与出路

The Dilemma and Outlet of Cross-border Electronic Data Forensics

电子证据的获取成为有效打击跨境网络犯罪的关键所在,由于境内外法律制度的差异,容易造成跨境电子证据收集规则的不一,从而导致刑事司法协助难度加大。利用网络在线提取、网络远程勘验等单边跨境电子数据取证的方式可能会涉及侵犯他国的网络数据主权与国家主权,以及采取强制数据披露制度会使得权利人的合法权益受到侵犯的可能性增大等问题均给跨境电子数据取证带来了挑战。因此,需要在坚持国际刑事司法协助为主的取证方式下、在各国的不同立法中寻求达成国际刑事司法协助的平衡;设立不同的适用条件对单边跨境电子数据取证进行规制,以维护各国的网络数据主权和国家主权;在加强全球数据自由流动的情形下,完善数据披露制度,保障权利人的合法权益。

The acquisition of electronic evidence has become the key to effectively combating cross-border cybercrimes.Due to the differences in domestic and foreign legal systems,it is easy to cause differences in cross-border electronic evidence collection rules,which makes criminal judicial assistance more difficult.However,the use of online extraction,remote network inspection and other unilateral cross-border electronic data collection methods may involve infringement of the network data sovereignty and national sovereignty of other countries;and the adoption of compulsory data disclosure system will increase the possibility of infringement of the legitimate rights and interests of obliges.All these issues have brought challenges to cross-border electronic data forensics.Therefore,it is necessary to seek the balance of international criminal judicial assistance in the different legislations of various countries while adhering to the international criminal judicial assistance-based evidence collection method.Different applicable conditions should also be established to regulate unilateral cross-border electronic data collection so as to safeguard the network data sovereignty and national sovereignty of all countries.And in the context of strengthening the free flow of global data,data disclosure system should be improved to protect the legitimate rights and interests of rights holders.