非洲伊博族祖先崇拜文化现象及社会功能研究

Interpretation of the Cultural Phenomenon and Social Function of Ancestor Worship of the Igbo in Africa

祖先崇拜是人类社会普遍存在的文化现象,也是非洲传统宗教的重要内容。但由于非洲传统宗教的口传文化特征及多样性的形态和范畴,在竞争过程中很难抵御系统化的基督教与伊斯兰教的扩张,生存空间日益受到挤压。本文以非洲伊博族传统的祖先崇拜文化现象为研究客体,认为伊博族祖先崇拜的对象可分为族祖和家祖,阐释了伊博族两类祖先崇拜的形式,并探讨了伊博族祖先崇拜的社会功能,对伊博族祖先崇拜的对象、形式、功能进行描写、挖掘具有现实意义和学理价值。现实意义体现在于对伊博族祖先崇拜文化现象的记录、整理属于抢救性保护措施;学理价值体现在于对伊博族祖先崇拜文化的描写,能够丰富民族学、宗教学的理论外延。

Ancestor worship is a common cultural phenomenon in human society and an important part of African traditional religions.However,due to the oral cultural characteristics and diverse forms and categories of African traditional religions,it is difficult to resist the expansion of systematic Christianity and Islam in the competition process,and the living space is increasingly squeezed.In this paper,the traditional cultural phenomenon of ancestor worship of the Igbo in Africa is taken as the research object,and the object of ancestor worship of the Igbo can be divided into clan ancestors and family ancestors.Based on this,two types of ancestor worship forms of the Igbo are explained,and the social functions of ancestor worship of the Igbo are discussed.It is of practical significance and theoretical value to describe and excavate the object,form and function of ancestor worship of the Igbo.The practical significance is reflected in:recording and sorting out the cultural phenomenon of ancestor worship of the Igbo is a rescue protection measure;The theoretical value lies in that the description of the ancestor worship culture of the Igbo can enrich the theoretical extension of ethnology and religion.