从“娘娘崇拜”看互助土族地区多元宗教文化的交融

To View Multiple Religious Culture Blending from the Phenomenon of Niangniang Worship in Tu Area of Huzhu County

河湟谷地历史悠久物产丰富,汉族、土族、藏族、回族、撒拉族等多个民族在这里交融共生,孕育了各民族既个性鲜明又多元共生的河湟文化。宗教文化的交融是河湟文化的重要组成,以道教女神"娘娘"为例,她是河湟地区十分活跃的神祇之一,在各地村庙中供奉较多,被视为地方保护神。而互助土族地区的"娘娘"信仰又别具特色,她被土族信众赋予了新的名号——"佛爷",以及本土的祭祀仪式和土族的侍神人员,从而她不再只属于汉族的文化体系与传承,神祇与本质教义的分离,就是道教在土族地区传播的特征,也是多元文化交融和整合的结果。

Hehuang valley is the home of Tu people of Huzhu,which is rich in natural resources and has a long history,nationalities of Han,Tu,Tibetan,Hui and Salar live together here,and the characterized and symbolic culture of each nationality was born.The blending of religious culture is the main part of Hehuang culture,take Taoist Goddess Niangniang as the example,who is one of the very active god,is worshiped in temple of local villages and is regarded as the local patron.But in Huzhu area,Niangniang belief is different and distinctive,which is named as Foye with local sacrificing rites and local service people of Tu nation,so it is not just the heritage of Han culture.The separation of god and the nature of doctrine is just the spreading of Taoism in Tu area and also the result of blending and integrating of multiple cultures.