“非遗”保护视角下的嘉那嘛呢石刻文化研究

A Study of Gya Nag Mani Stone Carving Culture under the Perspective of Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection

玉树藏族自治州(以下简称玉树州或玉树)地处青藏高原的腹地,2017年获批藏族文化(玉树)生态保护实验区,使州内非物质文化遗产系统性保护得到进一步提升。其中,石刻作为玉树州文化中最具代表性的一种文化类型,距今已有上万年的历史,以岩画、摩崖石刻及嘛呢石等不同形式流传至今。本文以嘉那嘛呢石刻为例,通过概述玉树早期石刻文化历史,结合田野调查资料,讨论嘉那嘛呢石刻文化遗产的形成是"藏族古老石刻文化、地域资源与村民生产实践"三者有机融合的结果,以此揭示非物质文化遗产的传承和保护既需要物质文化遗产作为载体,也需要非物质文化遗产(技艺)传承人作为主体,二者相互配合,互为条件,才能使石刻文化保持旺盛的生命力。这对今后少数民族地区实施非物质文化遗产传承和保护工作具有重要的参考价值和实践意义。

Yushu located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,it was approved as an experimental zone for ecological protection of Tibetan culture(Yushu)in 2017,it’s further enhancing the systematic protection of the prefecture’s intangible cultural heritage.Among them,stone carving,as the most representative cultural type in Yushu culture,has a history of tens of thousands of years,and has been handed down to the present in different forms such as rock painting,cliff carving and Mani stone.This paper takes the Gya Nag Mani stone carving as an case,by summarizing the history of early stone carving culture in Yushu,and combining the fieldwork data,discuss the formation of Gya Nag Mani stone carving cultural heritage based on"Tibetan ancient stone carving culture,regional resources and the production practice of villagers"the three organic fusion results.It is revealed that the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage needs both material cultural heritage as the carrier,and it also needs the inheritor of intangible cultural heritage(skills)as the main body,and the two cooperate with each other,so that the stone carving culture can maintain its vigorous vitality.This is of great reference value and practical significance to the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage in ethnic group areas.