经典名方中川芎的本草考证

Herbal textual research on Chuanxiong Rhizoma in Chinese classical prescriptions

2018年国家公布的《古代经典名方目录(第一批)》中包含川芎药材的名方有14首(共100首),可见川芎的药用价值之高及应用范围之广。该研究通过查阅历代本草著作和现代文献,对川芎药材的名称、基原、道地产区、药用部位、采收和炮制进行系统考证,以期为含川芎的经典名方开发提供参考。经考证,川芎原名为芎䓖,晚唐始称川芎,后期随着川产芎䓖地位的上升演变为正名;历代川芎的主流基原为伞形科植物川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong,以根茎入药,最佳采收季节一般为夏季,因生长环境不同,采收时间略有差异;宋代以来四川一直为川芎的道地产区,量大质优,为业界公认,建议在经典名方开发中优先选用四川产的川芎;古代典籍所记载的川芎炮制方法众多,沿用至今的有酒制、炒制,或者按生用(经净制和切制后)入药。建议开发包含川芎的经典名方时,若方书有注明具体炮制方式的,可按现行相关的炮制标准进行,若标注为"生"或者无标注者,可认为生用,其炮制方法可遵循《中国药典》中川芎饮片的炮制规范。

Fourteen classical prescriptions in the Catalog of 100 Ancient Classical Prescriptions(First Batch) promulgated in 2018 contain Chuanxiong Rhizoma, which reveals the high medicinal value and wide application of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. This paper systematically reviews the ancient herbal books and modern literature to explore the name, origin, genuine producing area, medicinal part, harvesting, and processing of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, thus facilitating the development of classical prescriptions containing Chuan-xiong Rhizoma. It is confirmed that Chuanxiong Rhizoma, formerly known as "Xiongqiong" in Chinese, was first called "Chuanxiong" in late Tang Dynasty, which has been gradually accepted as its official name due to the rise of the status of Chuanxiong Rhizoma produced in Sichuan. The main original plant of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in past dynasties has always been deemed to be Ligusticum chuan-xiong(Umbellifera), whose rhizome serves as the medicinal part. In general, it is best harvested in summer but the harvesting time can vary with different growth environments. Since the Song Dynasty, Sichuan province has been recognized as the genuine producing area of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in light of the high yield and good quality. It is suggested that Chuanxiong Rhizoma from Sichuan be used preferentially in the development of classical prescriptions. There are multiple processing methods of Chuanxiong Rhizoma recorded in ancient medical classics, and the raw(after purifying and slicing) or wine-processed or stir-fried Chuanxiong Rhizoma is still in use today. In the development of classical prescriptions containing Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma is advised to be processed in accordance with current processing standards if the specific processing method is described in the medical classics. If not, the raw Chuanxiong Rhizoma is preferred and then processed following the processing standards of Chuanxiong Rhizoma decoction pieces in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.