突破性技术创新背景下产业格局重构的路径研究——基于“在位者—进入者”动态适配视角

The Path of Reconstruction of Industry Structure under the Background of Disruptive Technology Innovation: Based on the Perspective of "Incumbents-Entrants" Dynamic Adaptation

面临百年未有之大变局,发挥国内市场潜力以助力本土产业在国内国际双循环中实现从跟跑、并跑到领跑的产业格局重构,是解决我国核心技术"卡脖子"问题的关键。但以往产业格局全球重构的研究琐碎零散,试图从"在位者—进入者"动态适配视角系统探究"产业核心塑造者面临市场需求拓展升级与突破性技术创新时采取什么样的战略推动产业格局重构?"的问题。因此,基于相关理论梳理提出了产业格局重构路径的概念模型,以存储器产业、平板显示产业与手表产业的案例分析为基础,识别了产业格局重构从在位者主导产业向进入者主导转变的超越型路径、从在位者主导产业向在位者与进入者共同主导产业的共塑型路径、以及从在位者主导产业到进入者主导产业再转向在位者主导产业的反超型路径,而3种路径的形成主要源于突破性技术创新的出现与"在位者—进入者"差异性商业战略驱动下的产业主导者更替。

As a complex economic system, an industry has the characteristics of time, space and dynamics as a general system. The technology of industrial development, the market environment, and the "incumbent-entrant" strategy are the necessary basis for the industrial reconstruction and evolution. At present, the background of globalization urges enterprises to seize the opportunity to enhance their competitive position brought by technological progress, demand change and institutional environment optimization. It is urgent to clarify the trigger factors and path evolution mechanism of the industrial pattern reconstruction. In view of this, this study attempts to disclose "what strategy does the industrial core shaper take to promote the reconstruction of the industrial pattern when facing the expansion and upgrading of the market demand and the breakthrough technological innovation".Through the review of relevant theories, this study constructs the theoretical model of industrial restructuring based on the "incumbent entrant" dynamic adaptation and verifies the theoretical model with in-depth case analysis. Following the needs of theoretical expansion, considering the typicality of case selection and the principle of data availability, this study selects the memory industry, the flat panel display industry, and the watch industry as the research objects to trace the evolution law of industrial restructuring. According to the case analysis, the reconstruction of the three industrial patterns mainly benefits from the strategic actions of incumbents or entrants in the process of adaptation to breakthrough technological innovation and the coordination abilities to meet market demand. Based on the above findings, this paper deeply analyzes and discusses the case data combined with relevant theories, to explore how the "incumbent entrant" dynamic adaptation can promote the evolution of the path of industrial restructuring under the background of breakthrough technological innovation.This study reveals that the formation of the path of industrial restructuring is the result of the interaction between the industrial external environment and the "incumbent entrant" adjustment strategy to deal with the change of the industrial environment. The conclusions are as follows: first, the industrial restructuring has three paths: the transcendental path, the co-shaping, and the anti-supertype. Its formation process stems from the replacement of the dominant position of the industry by "incumbent entrants" driven by breakthrough technological innovation, market demand, and business strategy.Second, industrial technology catching-up is the necessary stage for the formation of the Reconstruction Path of the three types of industrial pattern. The co-shaping is the turbulent stage in which the single leader of the industry has not yet formed triggered by breakthrough new technology, while industrial catch-up is the stable stage in which the industry is in position or entrant the leading industry after the emergence of breakthrough new technology. Finally, this study found that "incumbent-entrants" take different business strategies to participate in the shaping of the path of industrial restructuring based on the differences of industrial development stages.In addition, this paper has important implications for incumbent entrants to exert strategic actions according to changes in technology and market demand in the process of global industrial restructuring. However, the research on the external environmental factors of industrial restructuring has not been in-depth, especially the institutional environment has not been considered. The role of institutional environment on enterprises, especially in helping local new entrants to embed into the global industrial ecology, has achieved remarkable results. Governments, intermediaries, and financial organizations are important auxiliaries for industrial development. The follow-up research on industrial restructuring can also consider the roles and interaction mechanisms of multiple types of participants in industrial restructuring. Especially in the current fierce global competition, the appropriate intervention of the government is conducive to the utilization of unique complementary resources by domestic new entrants, to help local enterprises realize the leap from followers to the leaders in the process of industrialization.